Nokea
The nurse is reviewing vitamin therapy in preparation for a nutrition class. Which statements are accurate regarding vitamin C (ascorbic acid)? (Select all that apply.)
- A. It is important in the maintenance of bone, teeth, and capillaries.
- B. It is essential for night vision.
- C. It is important for tissue repair.
- D. It is found in animal sources such as dairy products and meat.
- E. It is found in tomatoes, strawberries, and broccoli.
- F. It is also known as the 'sunshine vitamin.'
- G. Its deficiency is known as scurvy.
Correct Answer: A,C,E,G
Rationale: Vitamin C is important for the maintenance of bone, teeth, and capillaries; for tissue repair. Vitamin C deficiency is known as scurvy; and it is found in foods such as tomatoes, strawberries, and broccoli. Vitamin A is essential for night vision, and vitamin D is known as the sunshine vitamin. With the exception of liver, meat and dairy products are not sources of vitamin C.
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A patient will be starting vitamin D supplements. The nurse reviews his medical record for contraindications, including which condition?
- A. Renal disease
- B. Cardiac disease
- C. Hypophosphatemia
- D. There are no contraindications to vitamin D supplements
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Contraindications to vitamin D products include known allergy to the product, hypercalcemia, renal dysfunction, and hyperphosphatemia.
The nurse is preparing a plan of care for a patient undergoing therapy with vitamin A. Which of these are possible effects of vitamin A deficiency?
- A. Impaired wound healing
- B. Night blindness
- C. Muscle twitching
- D. Confusion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Symptoms of vitamin A deficiency include night blindness, xerophthalmia, keratomalacia (softening of the cornea), hyperkeratosis of both the stratum corneum (outermost layer) of the skin and the sclera (outermost layer of eyeball), retarded infant growth, generalized weakness, and increased susceptibility of mucous membranes to infection.
A patient is on vitamin D supplemental therapy. The nurse will monitor for which signs of toxicity during this therapy?
- A. Tinnitus
- B. Anorexia
- C. Diarrhea
- D. Hypotension
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The toxic effects of vitamin D are those associated with hypercalcemia, such as weakness, fatigue, headache, anorexia, dry mouth, metallic taste, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, ataxia, and bone pain. If not recognized and treated, these symptoms can progress to impairment of renal function and osteoporosis. The other options listed are not signs of vitamin D toxicity.
The nurse is reviewing conditions caused by nutrient deficiencies. Conditions such as infantile rickets, tetany, and osteomalacia are caused by a deficiency in which vitamin or mineral?
- A. Vitamin D
- B. Vitamin C
- C. Zinc
- D. Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Infantile rickets, tetany, and osteomalacia are all a result of long-term vitamin D deficiency. The other options are incorrect.
During an intravenous infusion of magnesium, the nurse carefully monitors the patient for adverse effects. Which of these are adverse effects of intravenous magnesium administration? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Loss of tendon reflexes
- B. Nausea and vomiting
- C. Respiratory distress
- D. CNS depression
- E. Kidney stones
- F. Heart block
Correct Answer: A,C,D,F
Rationale: Adverse effects of magnesium are due to hypermagnesemia, which results in tendon reflex loss, difficult bowel movements, CNS depression, respiratory distress and heart block, and hypothermia. The other options are incorrect.