Nokea
The nurse is preparing a plan of care for a patient undergoing therapy with vitamin A. Which of these are possible effects of vitamin A deficiency?
- A. Impaired wound healing
- B. Night blindness
- C. Muscle twitching
- D. Confusion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Symptoms of vitamin A deficiency include night blindness, xerophthalmia, keratomalacia (softening of the cornea), hyperkeratosis of both the stratum corneum (outermost layer) of the skin and the sclera (outermost layer of eyeball), retarded infant growth, generalized weakness, and increased susceptibility of mucous membranes to infection.
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A patient will be starting vitamin D supplements. The nurse reviews his medical record for contraindications, including which condition?
- A. Renal disease
- B. Cardiac disease
- C. Hypophosphatemia
- D. There are no contraindications to vitamin D supplements
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Contraindications to vitamin D products include known allergy to the product, hypercalcemia, renal dysfunction, and hyperphosphatemia.
A patient will be receiving monthly injections of cyanocobalamin. The dose is 100 mcg/month IM. The medication is available in a strength of 1000 mcg/mL. Identify how many milliliters the nurse will draw up into the syringe. (Record answer using one decimal place.)
Correct Answer: 0.1 mL
Rationale: 1000 mcg : 1 mL :: 100 mcg : x mL. (1000 ?? x) = (1 ?? 100); 1000x = 100; x = 0.1 mL.
A patient with a history of alcohol abuse has been admitted for severe weakness and malnutrition. The nurse will prepare to administer which vitamin preparation to prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy?
- A. Vitamin B6
- B. Vitamin B1
- C. Vitamin B12
- D. Folic acid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Thiamine (vitamin B1) is necessary for the treatment of a variety of thiamine deficiencies, including Wernicke's encephalopathy. The other options are incorrect.
During an intravenous infusion of calcium, the nurse carefully monitors the patient for symptoms of hypercalcemia. Which are symptoms of hypercalcemia? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Anorexia
- B. Nausea and vomiting
- C. Diarrhea
- D. Constipation
- E. Cardiac irregularities
- F. Drowsiness
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: Symptoms of hypercalcemia include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Long-term excessive calcium intake can result in severe hypercalcemia, which can cause cardiac irregularities, delirium, and coma. The other options are incorrect.
The nurse is reviewing conditions caused by nutrient deficiencies. Conditions such as infantile rickets, tetany, and osteomalacia are caused by a deficiency in which vitamin or mineral?
- A. Vitamin D
- B. Vitamin C
- C. Zinc
- D. Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Infantile rickets, tetany, and osteomalacia are all a result of long-term vitamin D deficiency. The other options are incorrect.