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A patient with a large stomach tumor attached to the liver is scheduled for a debulking procedure. Which information should the nurse teach the patient about the outcome of this procedure?
- A. Pain will be relieved by cutting sensory nerves in the stomach.
- B. Relief of pressure in the stomach will promote better nutrition.
- C. Decreasing the tumor size will improve the effects of other therapy.
- D. Tumor growth will be controlled by the removal of malignant tissue.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Debulking shrinks a stomach tumor stuck to the liver, boosting chemo and radiation's punch smaller targets respond better. Pain relief isn't the goal nerves aren't cut. Pressure relief might help eating, but it's secondary. Growth control fails it's not curative; tumor regrows. Nurses in oncology pitch this: it's a team play, enhancing other treatments' odds, vital for patients facing inoperable masses.
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A patient who has ovarian cancer is crying and tells the nurse, 'My husband rarely visits. He just doesn't care.' The husband indicates to the nurse that he does not know what to say to his wife. Which nursing diagnosis is appropriate for the nurse to add to the plan of care?
- A. Compromised family coping related to disruption in lifestyle
- B. Impaired home maintenance related to perceived role changes
- C. Risk for caregiver role strain related to burdens of caregiving responsibilities
- D. Dysfunctional family processes related to effect of illness on family members
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ovarian cancer's toll her tears, his silence points to dysfunctional family processes; illness jams communication, not lifestyle , home upkeep , or caregiving load . He's lost, not burdened. Nurses in oncology peg this cancer's ripple screws up dynamics, needing talks to bridge the gap, not just task fixes.
A 45 year old man, BMI 35 but otherwise healthy and normotensive has an urinary albumin excretion of 30 mg in 24 hours. Which is the correct action to take?
- A. Reduce weight
- B. It can be observed over 3 months for improvement
- C. Refer him to a nephrologist
- D. Treatment is required
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Albumin 30 microalbuminuria's dawn, weight loss curbs it; watch, refer, treat, ignore lag. Nurses nudge this chronic kidney shield.
A 63 years old woman who is known to have hypertension for 15 years presented to her family doctor with shortness of breath and ankle swelling. An echocardiogram confirmed compromised left ventricular function. Her blood pressure is 150/90 mmHg. She is currently on frusemide and Aspirin. What is the MOST appropriate medication to add?
- A. Aldosterone antagonists
- B. Calcium channel blockers
- C. Beta blockers
- D. Angiotensin converting enzyme - inhibitors
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Heart failure with LV dysfunction ACE inhibitors cut mortality, ease load, atop frusemide's fluid flush and aspirin's clot block. Aldosterone blockers add later; calcium blockers don't help heart; beta blockers need stability first; ARBs sub if ACE flops. Nurses push this chronic heart saver, proven to stretch life.
Which complications are the three main consequences of leukemia?
- A. Bone deformities, spherocytosis and infection.
- B. Anemia, infection, and bleeding tendencies.
- C. Lymphocytopoiesis, growth delays, and hirsutism.
- D. Polycythemia, decreased clotting time, and infection.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Leukemia, a bone marrow cancer, replaces normal marrow elements with immature, dysfunctional white blood cells (lymphoblasts), leading to three primary complications: anemia, infection, and bleeding tendencies. Anemia results from reduced red blood cell production, causing fatigue and pallor. Infection risk rises due to neutropenia immature lymphoblasts lack infection-fighting ability making children prone to severe illnesses. Bleeding tendencies occur from thrombocytopenia, low platelet counts causing bruising or petechiae. Bone deformities and spherocytosis aren't leukemia hallmarks; the former might occur in bone cancers like osteosarcoma, and the latter is a red cell disorder. Lymphocytopoiesis is a process, not a complication, while growth delays and hirsutism aren't primary leukemia effects. Polycythemia (high red cells) and decreased clotting time oppose leukemia's anemia and bleeding risks. Nurses must monitor these complications, as they guide interventions like transfusions or antibiotics, critical for supporting children through leukemia treatment.
The nurse educates the client that besides an echocardiogram, which of the following tests is the best tool for diagnosing heart failure?
- A. Pulmonary artery catheter
- B. Mitigated angiographic (MUGA) scan
- C. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
- D. Radionuclide studies
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: BNP, a blood test, spikes with heart stretch heart failure's calling card, outshining invasive tools for diagnosis. Pulmonary catheters measure pressures, not routine. MUGA scans ejection fraction, less direct. Radionuclide's vague here. Nurses teach BNP's ease and accuracy, a biomarker gold standard, syncing with echo to nail heart failure's fluid tale.