Nokea
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is caused by:
- A. Ventricular hypertrophy reducing contractility of muscles
- B. Decreased perfusion of the myocardium
- C. Dilated cardiomyopathy
- D. Impaired ventricular relaxation resulting in the lack of ability of ventricles to fill with blood
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: HFpEF stiff ventricles won't relax, slashing fill-up, not pump-out. Hypertrophy aids, doesn't cause; perfusion dips hurt supply; dilated's HFrEF. Nurses target this, a chronic fill flaw.
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After change-of-shift report on the oncology unit, which patient should the nurse assess first?
- A. Patient who has a platelet count of 82,000/µL after chemotherapy
- B. Patient who has xerostomia after receiving head and neck radiation
- C. Patient who is neutropenic and has a temperature of 100.5°F (38.1°C)
- D. Patient who is worried about getting the prescribed long-acting opioid on time
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Neutropenia plus 100.5°F screams infection sepsis looms, outranking low platelets (A bleeding's later), dry mouth , or opioid timing . Nurses in oncology bolt here fever in a white-cell wasteland's a killer, needing stat eyes.
The nurse understands that the physician would need to be notified regarding a chemotherapy dose if the client experiences:
- A. Fatigue
- B. Nausea and vomiting
- C. Stomatitis
- D. Bone marrow suppression
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chemotherapy's marrow hit bone marrow suppression drops counts like neutrophils or platelets, risking infection or bleeding, a dose-limiting toxicity needing physician review to adjust or pause treatment. Fatigue, nausea, and stomatitis are common, manageable with nursing care rest, antiemetics, mouth rinses unless extreme. Suppression's severity, tied to labs (e.g., ANC <500), halts therapy to protect the client, a critical threshold nurses monitor, distinguishing it from routine side effects, ensuring safety in this marrow-bashing regimen.
Which of the following is a characteristic of health-related hardiness known as 'challenge'?
- A. Confidence to appraise a health stressor
- B. Ability to modify responses to health stressors
- C. Viewing a health stressor as an opportunity for growth
- D. Optimal psychosocial adaptation to a health stressor
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hardiness' challenge sees stressors as growth shots not just sizing up, tweaking, or adapting a mindset nurses foster in chronic fights. It's flipping pain to gain, a resilient twist.
Which of the following is an example of multimorbidity?
- A. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a urinary tract infection
- B. Lung cancer and pneumonia
- C. Chronic kidney disease and appendicitis
- D. Diabetes and exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Multimorbidity means chronic twins diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis flare together, a dual load, not acute add-ons like UTIs, pneumonia, or appendicitis. Those flare fast and fade; chronic pairs grind on, tangled or not, a nurse's radar for complex care, a hallmark of long-haul illness overlap.
The nurse is assessing a client with severe anemia. Which clinical manifestation does the nurse expect to see in this client?
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Pale, cool skin
- C. Hypertension
- D. Warm, flushed skin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Severe anemia starves oxygen pale, cool skin reflects shunted flow and low hemoglobin, a classic find as body compensates. Bradycardia's rare; tachycardia revs to pump more. Hypertension doesn't fit BP may drop. Warm, flushed skin suits overload, not anemia. Nurses expect pallor, tying it to blood's oxygen flop, a sign guiding transfusion or iron.