Nokea
A patient with a lung mass found on chest x-ray is undergoing further testing. The nurse explains that a diagnosis of lung cancer can be confirmed using which diagnostic test?
- A. Lung tomograms
- B. Pulmonary angiography
- C. Biopsy done via bronchoscopy
- D. Computed tomography (CT) scans
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A biopsy done via bronchoscopy is a common method to confirm a diagnosis of lung cancer by obtaining tissue samples for analysis.
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A client with bronchitis is admitted to the hospital. What would the nurse expect the admitting assessment NOT to reveal?
- A. Cough
- B. Bloody sputum
- C. Chest pain
- D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Bradycardia. In bronchitis, the body typically responds to inflammation by increasing heart rate (tachycardia) to improve oxygen delivery. Bradycardia is not a common finding in bronchitis and would be unexpected. Choices A, B, and C are commonly associated with bronchitis due to the inflammation in the airways causing cough, production of bloody sputum, and chest pain. These symptoms are typical manifestations of bronchitis and would be expected in the admitting assessment.
Which action should you take next?
- A. Reassure the client that the ventilator will do the work of breathing for her.
- B. Manually ventilate the client while you assess possible reasons for the high pressure alarm.
- C. Increase the FiO2 on the ventilator to 100% in preparation for endotracheal suctioning.
- D. Insert an oral airway to prevent the client from biting on the endotracheal tube.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. High pressure alarms and desaturation require immediate manual ventilation and assessment for causes. Reassurance (A) is insufficient. Increasing FiO2 (C) and inserting an oral airway (D) are secondary actions.
In which part of the body Mycobacterium tuberculosis affects
- A. Lungs
- B. Skin and Meninges
- C. Intestine
- D. All these
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Mycobacterium tuberculosis primarily affects the lungs, causing tuberculosis. However, it can also spread to other parts of the body, such as the skin, leading to cutaneous tuberculosis, and the meninges, causing tuberculous meningitis. It can also affect the intestines, causing gastrointestinal tuberculosis. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as Mycobacterium tuberculosis can impact multiple parts of the body. Choice A (Lungs) is correct but does not encompass all the affected areas. Choices B (Skin and Meninges) and C (Intestine) are incorrect as they do not cover all the possible sites of infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Which diagnostic test is commonly used to assess heart function in heart failure?
- A. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
- B. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- C. Colonoscopy
- D. Blood glucose test
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG). An ECG is commonly used to assess heart function in heart failure because it provides information on the heart's electrical activity, rhythm, and any abnormalities. It can detect conditions such as arrhythmias, ischemia, and previous heart attacks. Other choices are incorrect: B (MRI) is more for imaging the structure of the heart, C (Colonoscopy) is for examining the colon, and D (Blood glucose test) is for measuring blood sugar levels, not heart function.
The nurse is caring for a patient who has just returned to the unit after a colon resection. The patient is showing signs of hypoxia. The nurse knows that this is probably caused by what?
- A. Nitrogen narcosis
- B. Infection
- C. Impaired diffusion
- D. Shunting
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Shunting. Hypoxia after a colon resection is likely due to shunting, which is a condition where blood bypasses the normal oxygenation process in the lungs, leading to decreased oxygen levels in the blood. Shunting can occur due to factors such as collapsed alveoli or blood vessel blockages.
Nitrogen narcosis (A) is not related to hypoxia but rather occurs in scuba divers exposed to high partial pressures of nitrogen. Infection (B) may cause fever and inflammation but is not the primary cause of hypoxia in this scenario. Impaired diffusion (C) refers to issues with gas exchange in the alveoli and is not the most likely cause of hypoxia after a colon resection.