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A patient with AIDS is admitted to the hospital with AIDS-related wasting syndrome and AIDS- related anorexia. What drug has been found to promote significant weight gain in AIDS patients by increasing body fat stores?
- A. Advera
- B. Momordicacharantia
- C. Megestrol
- D. Ranitidine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Megestrol is a synthetic progestational agent that has been found to promote significant weight gain in AIDS patients with wasting syndrome by increasing body fat stores. It is commonly used to stimulate appetite and increase caloric intake in patients experiencing anorexia and weight loss due to various medical conditions, including AIDS-related wasting. Megestrol works by increasing appetite and improving food intake, leading to weight gain and improved nutritional status in patients with HIV/AIDS. It has been shown to be effective in reversing weight loss and improving quality of life in these patients. Therefore, the drug megestrol is the most appropriate choice for promoting weight gain in AIDS patients with wasting syndrome and anorexia.
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A 50-year-old man diagnosed with leukemia will begin chemotherapy. What would the nurse do to combat the most common adverse effects of chemotherapy?
- A. Administer an antiemetic.
- B. Administer an antimetabolite.
- C. Administer a tumor antibiotic.
- D. Administer an anticoagulant.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nausea and vomiting are common adverse effects of chemotherapy. Administering an antiemetic helps to prevent or reduce these symptoms in patients undergoing chemotherapy. By managing nausea and vomiting, the patient's overall well-being and quality of life during treatment can be improved. Therefore, providing an antiemetic medication is essential in combating these adverse effects and promoting patient comfort and compliance with treatment.
A nurse is assessing population groups for therisk of suicide requiring medical attention. Which group should the nurse monitormostclosely?
- A. Young bisexuals
- B. Young caucasians
- C. Asian Americans
- D. African-Americans.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gay, lesbian, and bisexual young people have a significantly increased risk for depression, anxiety, suicide attempts, and substance use disorders. In particular, bisexual youth are at a higher risk than their straight peers for experiencing mental health issues and suicide attempts that require medical attention. Studies have shown that young bisexuals are four times more likely than their straight counterparts to make suicide attempts that necessitate medical intervention. Therefore, it is crucial for the nurse to closely monitor this population group for signs of suicidal behavior and provide the necessary support and interventions to prevent such tragedies.
A male patient with a metastatic brain tumor is having a generalized seizure and begins vomiting. What should the nurse do first?
- A. Perform oral suctioning.
- B. Page the physician.
- C. Insert a tongue depressor into the patients mouth.
- D. Turn the patient on his side.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When a patient is experiencing a seizure and begins vomiting, the priority action for the nurse is to turn the patient onto their side. This position helps to prevent aspiration, which can occur when the patient inhales vomit into their lungs. Turning the patient on their side allows for the vomit to drain out of the mouth, reducing the risk of aspiration and maintaining a clear airway. Performing oral suctioning would be necessary after turning the patient on their side, but it is not the initial priority in this situation. Paging the physician and inserting a tongue depressor are not appropriate actions during a seizure and vomiting episode.
A physician explains to the patient that he has an inflammation of the Cowper glands. Where are the Cowper glands located?
- A. Within the epididymis
- B. Below the prostate, within the posterior aspect of the urethra
- C. On the inner epithelium lining the scrotum, lateral to the testes
- D. Medial to the vas deferens
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Cowper glands, also known as bulbourethral glands, are a pair of small exocrine glands located below the prostate gland, within the posterior aspect of the male urethra. These glands are responsible for producing a clear, viscous fluid that helps lubricate the urethra, neutralize acidic urine remnants, and provide a conducive environment for sperm to survive in the urethra. Inflammation of the Cowper glands can result in conditions such as urethritis or other discomfort related to the male reproductive system.
The priority nursing intervention when admitting a pregnant patient who has experienced a bleeding episode in late pregnancy is to
- A. monitor uterine contractions.
- B. assess fetal heart rate and maternal vital signs.
- C. place clean disposable pads to collect any drainage.
- D. perform a venipuncture for hemoglobin and hematocrit levels.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When admitting a pregnant patient who has experienced a bleeding episode in late pregnancy, the top priority nursing intervention is to assess fetal heart rate (FHR) and maternal vital signs. This assessment will help the nurse determine the extent of the blood loss and its impact on both the mother and the fetus. Monitoring uterine contractions is important as well, but not the priority in this situation. Placing clean disposable pads to collect any drainage is important for ongoing assessment and management but can be done after assessing the FHR and vital signs. Performing a venipuncture for hemoglobin and hematocrit levels is necessary for further evaluation but can be done after the initial assessment of FHR and vital signs. Checking the patient and fetal well-being is crucial in situations of bleeding in late pregnancy to ensure timely and appropriate intervention.