Nokea
A patient with an unsteady gait and difficulty walking in a straight line might have:
- A. A problem with cerebellar function.
- B. Normal gait and balance.
- C. Clear, coordinated movement.
- D. Symmetrical deep tendon reflexes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An unsteady gait and difficulty walking in a straight line suggest cerebellar dysfunction. Normal gait, coordinated movement, and symmetrical reflexes are expected findings.
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Use of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) provides relatively objective measurement of the Level of Consciousness (LOC). The three functions assessed are:
- A. Pupil reaction, orientation, and sensation
- B. Verbal response, eye opening, and motor response
- C. Eye opening, motor response, and sensation
- D. Verbal response, pupil reaction, and motor response
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) assesses three functions: eye opening, verbal response, and motor response. It is used to evaluate the level of consciousness in patients with brain injuries. Pupil reaction, orientation, and sensation are not part of the GCS.
The ventricular proliferative zone is:
- A. a region of cell division in the neural plate
- B. a region of cell division in Hensen's node
- C. a region of cell division in the neuroectoderm of Drosophila
- D. a region of cell division in the neural tube
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The ventricular proliferative zone is a region of active cell division located in the neural tube. It gives rise to neurons and glial cells during nervous system development. This zone is essential for generating the vast number of cells required to form the complex structure of the brain and spinal cord.
The midbrain
- A. Is largely in the middle cranial fossa
- B. Is supplied by the anterior inferior cerebellar artery
- C. Lies between pons and upper spinal cord
- D. Contains the oculomotor nuclei
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The midbrain contains the oculomotor nuclei, which control eye movement. It is located between the pons and diencephalon and is supplied by the posterior cerebral artery.
The patient is diagnosed with torticollis. What should the nurse be prepared to provide for the patient?
- A. An immobilizer to hold the bones in place
- B. Exercises to increase the strength of the muscles
- C. A pillow to use to support the knees while sleeping
- D. Enough pillows to support the patient's head comfortably
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Exercises help restore muscle balance.
Which of the following signs and symptoms of increased ICP after head trauma would appear first?
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Large amounts of very dilute urine
- C. Restlessness and confusion
- D. Widened pulse pressure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Restlessness and confusion are often the earliest signs of increased ICP. These symptoms occur due to impaired cerebral perfusion and hypoxia. As ICP rises, it compresses brain tissue and blood vessels, leading to altered mental status. Bradycardia, widened pulse pressure, and changes in urine output are later signs of increased ICP and indicate more severe neurological compromise.