Nokea
Neuroglial cells support and provide nutrition for the ________.
- A. muscle cells
- B. glands
- C. neurons
- D. nephrons
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Neuroglial cells, also known as glial cells, are non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition to neurons. They play essential roles in maintaining homeostasis, forming myelin sheaths, and protecting neurons from damage. Types of neuroglial cells include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and Schwann cells. These cells ensure the proper functioning of the nervous system by creating a supportive environment for neurons.
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Trigeminal nerve impairment produces the following symptoms:
- A. plegia in half of the face
- B. ache paroxysm in half of the face
- C. disturbance of swallowing
- D. ache in half of the head
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ache paroxysm in half of the face is the correct answer because the trigeminal nerve is responsible for sensory innervation of the face and motor control of the muscles of mastication. Damage to this nerve, as seen in trigeminal neuralgia, results in severe, episodic facial pain.
A nurse is assessing a client who has returned from a cerebral arteriogram. The left carotid site was punctured. Which of the following indicates complications?
- A. Difficulty swallowing (hematoma develops and pushes on the trachea)
- B. Puncture site is dry and red
- C. BP 120/82, HR 86, RR 22
- D. No swelling or hematoma at the site
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Difficulty swallowing after a cerebral arteriogram may indicate a hematoma at the puncture site, which can compress the trachea and cause respiratory distress. This is a serious complication requiring immediate intervention to prevent airway obstruction and further complications.
The effect of calcium ions on neurotransmitter release at synapses include:
- A. vesicular fusion
- B. tonic depolarization of the presynaptic neurone
- C. post-tetanic potentiation
- D. all above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Calcium ions trigger vesicular fusion, contribute to post-tetanic potentiation, and can cause tonic depolarization in the presynaptic neuron. These effects are essential for synaptic plasticity and neurotransmission.
The midbrain
- A. Is largely in the middle cranial fossa
- B. Is supplied by the anterior inferior cerebellar artery
- C. Lies between pons and upper spinal cord
- D. Contains the oculomotor nuclei
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The midbrain contains the oculomotor nuclei, which control eye movement. It is located between the pons and diencephalon and is supplied by the posterior cerebral artery.
Which type of drug could be used to treat asthma by opening airways wider?
- A. sympatholytic drug
- B. sympathomimetic drug
- C. anticholinergic drug
- D. parasympathomimetic drug
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: sympathomimetic drug. Sympathomimetic drugs stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, leading to bronchodilation and opening of airways wider, which is beneficial in treating asthma.
A: Sympatholytic drugs inhibit the sympathetic nervous system and would not be effective in widening airways in asthma treatment.
C: Anticholinergic drugs block the action of acetylcholine, which can cause bronchoconstriction and are not used to widen airways in asthma.
D: Parasympathomimetic drugs stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system, leading to bronchoconstriction and are not used to treat asthma by opening airways wider.