Nokea
What is the term for the body of a neuron?
- A. dendrite
- B. axon
- C. filament
- D. soma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The soma, or cell body, of a neuron contains the nucleus and other organelles necessary for cellular functions. It is responsible for maintaining the cell's metabolic activities and integrating incoming signals from dendrites.
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Which of the following signs and symptoms of increased ICP after head trauma would appear first?
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Large amounts of very dilute urine
- C. Restlessness and confusion
- D. Widened pulse pressure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Restlessness and confusion are often the earliest signs of increased ICP. These symptoms occur due to impaired cerebral perfusion and hypoxia. As ICP rises, it compresses brain tissue and blood vessels, leading to altered mental status. Bradycardia, widened pulse pressure, and changes in urine output are later signs of increased ICP and indicate more severe neurological compromise.
A fatal infectious disease known as: 'Mad cow disease' is medically known as:
- A. Spongiform meningitus.
- B. Spongiform Spirilosis.
- C. Meningial encephalopathy.
- D. Spongiform encephalopathy.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Spongiform encephalopathy, commonly known as 'mad cow disease' or Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by abnormal prion proteins. These proteins induce the misfolding of normal cellular proteins in the brain, leading to brain damage and the characteristic spongy appearance of brain tissue. The disease is transmissible and has no known cure, making it a significant public health concern.
The nurse is preparing material about impulse transmission to help with a presentation on the neurological system. When discussing spinal nerves, the nurse will include that each spinal nerve is made up of the dorsal root and which other root?
- A. Medial
- B. Lateral
- C. Ventral
- D. Proximal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Each spinal nerve has two roots: the dorsal root, which carries sensory impulses into the spinal cord, and the ventral root, which carries motor impulses away from the spinal cord. The medial, lateral, and proximal roots are not part of the spinal nerve structure. Understanding this anatomy is essential for explaining how sensory and motor functions are integrated.
Which type of drug could be used to treat asthma by opening airways wider?
- A. sympatholytic drug
- B. sympathomimetic drug
- C. anticholinergic drug
- D. parasympathomimetic drug
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: sympathomimetic drug. Sympathomimetic drugs stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, leading to bronchodilation and opening of airways wider, which is beneficial in treating asthma.
A: Sympatholytic drugs inhibit the sympathetic nervous system and would not be effective in widening airways in asthma treatment.
C: Anticholinergic drugs block the action of acetylcholine, which can cause bronchoconstriction and are not used to widen airways in asthma.
D: Parasympathomimetic drugs stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system, leading to bronchoconstriction and are not used to treat asthma by opening airways wider.
A patient is admitted to the emergency department with a spinal cord injury at the level of T2. Which finding is of most concern to the nurse?
- A. SpO2 of 92%
- B. Heart rate of 42 bpm
- C. Blood pressure of 88/60 mm Hg
- D. Loss of motor and sensory function in arms and legs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bradycardia is concerning due to autonomic dysreflexia.