Nokea
In efferent pupillary defect:
- A. anisocoria is present
- B. the damage may be in the visual cortex
- C. the damage may be in the superior colliculus
- D. all above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Efferent pupillary defect causes anisocoria and can result from damage to the visual cortex or superior colliculus. It affects the efferent pathway of the pupillary reflex.
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The substance that is released at axonal endings to propagate a nervous impulse is called:
- A. an ion
- B. nerve glue
- C. a neurotransmitter
- D. the sodium-potassium pump
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Neurotransmitters are chemical substances released at axonal endings to propagate nervous impulses across synapses. Ions and the sodium-potassium pump are involved in generating action potentials, while nerve glue and action potentials are not substances released at axonal endings. Thus, C is the correct answer.
The midbrain
- A. Is largely in the middle cranial fossa
- B. Is supplied by the anterior inferior cerebellar artery
- C. Lies between pons and upper spinal cord
- D. Contains the oculomotor nuclei
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The midbrain contains the oculomotor nuclei, which control eye movement. It is located between the pons and diencephalon and is supplied by the posterior cerebral artery.
While shopping, Marnie Smith, RN, sees a man on the floor in the shopping center having tonic-clonic movements. Her first action is to
- A. place her pen between his teeth and over his tongue
- B. restrain the movements of the extremities
- C. place a sweater under his head
- D. turn the patient into the prone position
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Protecting the head and ensuring safety is the priority during a seizure.
In providing care for clients with osteoporosis, the nurse emphasizes the need for a nutritious, well-balanced diet that is high in which of the following?
- A. Calcium
- B. Iron
- C. Zinc
- D. Carbohydrates
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Calcium is crucial for maintaining bone health.
Fibrillations (fasciculations) may develop with disease in:
- A. lateral column of the spinal cord
- B. posterior horn of the spinal cord
- C. anterior horn of the spinal cord
- D. internal capsule
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Anterior horn of the spinal cord is the correct answer because fibrillations and fasciculations are spontaneous muscle contractions that occur due to the degeneration of lower motor neurons located in the anterior horn. These contractions are a sign of denervation and are commonly seen in conditions like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).