Nokea
A graduate nurse is taking a test on neurological conditions. Which of the following nursing interventions is used as a gastrointestinal preventative measure for the client with intracranial pressure?
- A. Insertion of an NG tube
- B. Administration of a histamine antagonist (Pepcid)
- C. Sips of clear fluid
- D. Insertion of a rectal tube
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Histamine antagonists help prevent stress ulcers in clients with intracranial pressure.
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Regarding the innervation of the bladder
- A. parasympathetic innervation is via the pelvic splanchnic nerves
- B. sympathetic innervation comes from L3 and L4 segments of the cord
- C. sympathetic fibres are excitatory to the bladder
- D. bladder distension sensation travels with the sympathetic nervous system
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Parasympathetic innervation of the bladder is via the pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4), which stimulate bladder contraction during urination. Sympathetic fibers inhibit bladder contraction.
In providing care for clients with osteoporosis, the nurse emphasizes the need for a nutritious, well-balanced diet that is high in which of the following?
- A. Calcium
- B. Iron
- C. Zinc
- D. Carbohydrates
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Calcium is crucial for maintaining bone health.
The ventricular proliferative zone is:
- A. a region of cell division in the neural plate
- B. a region of cell division in Hensen's node
- C. a region of cell division in the neuroectoderm of Drosophila
- D. a region of cell division in the neural tube
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The ventricular proliferative zone is a region of active cell division located in the neural tube. It gives rise to neurons and glial cells during nervous system development. This zone is essential for generating the vast number of cells required to form the complex structure of the brain and spinal cord.
The ability that humans have to perform very skilled movements such as writing is controlled by the:
- A. Basal ganglia.
- B. Corticospinal tract.
- C. Spinothalamic tract.
- D. Extrapyramidal tract.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Corticospinal tract. The corticospinal tract is responsible for controlling voluntary skilled movements like writing. It carries motor commands from the primary motor cortex to the spinal cord, enabling precise movements of the hands and fingers. The basal ganglia (A) are involved in motor planning and coordination but not direct control of skilled movements. The spinothalamic tract (C) is responsible for transmitting sensory information related to pain and temperature, not motor control. The extrapyramidal tract (D) is involved in involuntary movements and posture regulation, not skilled movements like writing.
During an acute exacerbation, a patient with SLE is treated with corticosteroids. The nurse would expect the corticosteroids to begin to be tapered when which serum laboratory results are evident?
- A. Decreased anti-DNA
- B. Increased complement
- C. Increased red blood cells (RBCs)
- D. Decreased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Increased complement indicates reduced disease activity.