Nokea
Which organic molecule has long hydrocarbon chains and is a major element of cell membranes?
- A. Polypeptides
- B. Carbohydrates
- C. Phospholipids
- D. Nucleotides
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Phospholipids are the correct answer because they consist of long hydrocarbon chains and form the lipid bilayer, which is the fundamental structure of cell membranes. Their amphipathic nature (having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions) allows them to create a barrier that separates the cell's internal environment from the external environment, making them essential for cell integrity and function.
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In the care plan for Mr. Thompson, a 78-year-old man with Parkinson's disease, Nurse Edwards is identifying tasks that can be safely delegated to a nursing assistant (NA). Considering the responsibilities and scope of practice for a nursing assistant, which of the following tasks is most appropriate for Nurse Edwards to delegate?
- A. Checking for orthostatic changes in pulse and blood pressure.
- B. Monitoring for improvement in tremor after levodopa (L-dopa) is given.
- C. Adjusting the dosage of levodopa (L-dopa) based on the patient's response.
- D. Monitoring for abnormal involuntary jerky movements of extremities.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Checking for orthostatic changes is within the scope of practice for a nursing assistant and is important for monitoring the side effects of PD medications.
The patient has lateral angulation of the large toe toward the second toe. The nurse knows that treatment will include what?
- A. Metatarsal arch support
- B. Trimming with a scalpel after softening
- C. Surgery to remove the bursal sac and bony enlargement
- D. Intraarticular corticosteroids and passive manual stretching
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Surgery addresses structural deformities.
Which of the following represents a sensory input that is not part of both the somatic and autonomic systems?
- A. vision
- B. taste
- C. baroreception
- D. proprioception
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Baroreception is the correct answer because it is a sensory input related to monitoring blood pressure, which is part of the autonomic nervous system. Vision, taste, and proprioception are sensory inputs that are part of both the somatic and autonomic systems. Vision and taste involve sensory information processed by both systems, while proprioception provides information about body position and movement, which is essential for both systems to coordinate responses.
In response to the 66-year-old woman with Parkinson's Disease who is experiencing difficulty walking, the charge nurse could offer a supportive and appropriate suggestion to aid in her mobility. The nurse might say:
- A. Using a cane might provide you with the additional support you need while walking.'
- B. If walking becomes too challenging, it's important not to push yourself too hard.'
- C. I can arrange for a wheelchair to help ensure your safety and comfort.'
- D. Focus on walking at a steady, comfortable pace to maintain your mobility.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Using a cane can provide additional support and stability for PD patients experiencing difficulty walking, reducing the risk of falls.
The substance that is released at axonal endings to propagate a nervous impulse is called:
- A. an ion
- B. nerve glue
- C. a neurotransmitter
- D. the sodium-potassium pump
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Neurotransmitters are chemical substances released at axonal endings to propagate nervous impulses across synapses. Ions and the sodium-potassium pump are involved in generating action potentials, while nerve glue and action potentials are not substances released at axonal endings. Thus, C is the correct answer.