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Use of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) provides relatively objective measurement of the Level of Consciousness (LOC). The three functions assessed are:
- A. Pupil reaction, orientation, and sensation
- B. Verbal response, eye opening, and motor response
- C. Eye opening, motor response, and sensation
- D. Verbal response, pupil reaction, and motor response
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) assesses three functions: eye opening, verbal response, and motor response. It is used to evaluate the level of consciousness in patients with brain injuries. Pupil reaction, orientation, and sensation are not part of the GCS.
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Which action requires intervention by the charge nurse for an LPN/LVN caring for a patient with Paget's disease?
- A. Administers 600 mg of ibuprofen to the patient.
- B. Encourages the patient to perform PT recommended exercises.
- C. Applies ice and gentle massage to the patient's lower extremities.
- D. Reminds the patient to drink milk and eat cottage cheese.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Applying ice and massage without specific instructions may not be appropriate and could potentially cause harm.
A fatal infectious disease known as: 'Mad cow disease' is medically known as:
- A. Spongiform meningitus.
- B. Spongiform Spirilosis.
- C. Meningial encephalopathy.
- D. Spongiform encephalopathy.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Spongiform encephalopathy, commonly known as 'mad cow disease' or Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by abnormal prion proteins. These proteins induce the misfolding of normal cellular proteins in the brain, leading to brain damage and the characteristic spongy appearance of brain tissue. The disease is transmissible and has no known cure, making it a significant public health concern.
In teaching a community group the appropriate first aid care of burns, you show them a picture of a wound which is red, has several intact large blisters, one broken blister, and a lot of moisture present. You would expect them to recognize the depth of this burn as
- A. partial-thickness
- B. first-degree
- C. full-thickness
- D. third-degree
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Partial-thickness burns involve the epidermis and part of the dermis, often presenting with blisters and moisture.
Regarding the circle of Willis
- A. Posterior cerebral is a branch of the internal carotid
- B. Anterior cerebral is the largest branch of the internal carotid
- C. Middle cerebral supplies motor but not sensory cortex
- D. Internal carotid gives off ophthalmic artery
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The internal carotid artery gives off the ophthalmic artery, which supplies the eye and orbit. The circle of Willis provides collateral circulation to the brain.
Which assessment finding should you report immediately for a patient with fractures of the medial ulna and radius?
- A. The patient complains of pressure and pain.
- B. The cast is in place and is dry and intact.
- C. The skin is pink and warm to touch.
- D. The patient can move all fingers and thumb.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pressure and pain could indicate complications such as compartment syndrome, necessitating immediate medical attention.