Nokea
Which of the following is a genetic disease that causes neurons in the brain to waste away and die?
- A. Multiple sclerosis
- B. Polio
- C. Encephalitis
- D. Huntington disease
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Huntington disease is a genetic disorder that leads to the progressive degeneration of neurons in the brain, resulting in motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms. Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease, polio is caused by a virus, and encephalitis is inflammation of the brain. Huntington disease highlights the impact of genetic mutations on neuronal health.
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Priority Decision: Following change-of-shift handoff, which patient should the nurse assess first?
- A. A 58-year-old male experiencing phantom pain and requesting analgesic
- B. A 72-year-old male being transferred to a skilled nursing unit following repair of a hip fracture
- C. A 25-year-old female in left leg skeletal traction asking for the weights to be lifted for a few minutes
- D. A 68-year-old male with a new lower leg cast complaining that the cast is too tight and he cannot feel his toes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cast tightness and loss of sensation indicate potential neurovascular compromise.
What is the term for the body of a neuron?
- A. dendrite
- B. axon
- C. filament
- D. soma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The soma, or cell body, of a neuron contains the nucleus and other organelles necessary for cellular functions. It is responsible for maintaining the cell's metabolic activities and integrating incoming signals from dendrites.
The Peripheral Nervous System is made up of the:
- A. brain and spinal cord.
- B. spinal cord and spinal nerves.
- C. spinal nerves and brain.
- D. All of the above.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes all the nerves outside the central nervous system, such as spinal nerves and cranial nerves. It connects the CNS to the limbs, organs, and skin, allowing for the transmission of sensory and motor signals. The PNS is divided into the somatic nervous system, which controls voluntary movements, and the autonomic nervous system, which regulates involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion.
You have just admitted a patient with bacterial meningitis to the medical-surgical unit. The patient complains of a severe headache with photophobia and has a temperature of 102.6°F orally. Which collaborative intervention must be accomplished first?
- A. Administer codeine 15 mg orally for the patient's headache.
- B. Infuse ceftriaxone (Rocephin) 2000 mg IV to treat the infection.
- C. Give acetaminophen (Tylenol) 650 mg orally to reduce the fever.
- D. Give furosemide (Lasix) 40 mg IV to decrease intracranial pressure.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Treating the underlying infection is the priority in bacterial meningitis.
Which of the following animals is NOT a typical reservoir for the spread of rabies?
- A. dog
- B. bat
- C. skunk
- D. chicken
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: chicken. Chickens are not typical reservoirs for rabies as they are not known to carry the rabies virus. Dogs, bats, and skunks can serve as reservoirs for rabies due to their susceptibility to the virus. Dogs are a common source of rabies transmission to humans, while bats and skunks are known carriers of the virus. Therefore, the correct answer is D as chickens do not play a role in the spread of rabies.