Foundations and Adult Health Nursing Study Guide Answers

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A patient with chronic kidney disease presents with metabolic acidosis. Which compensatory mechanism is the body most likely to employ to normalize pH?

  • A. Hyperventilation
  • B. Increased bicarbonate reabsorption
  • C. Increased renal excretion of hydrogen ions
  • D. Decreased renal excretion of bicarbonate ions
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In a patient with chronic kidney disease presenting with metabolic acidosis, the compensatory mechanism the body is most likely to employ to normalize pH is increased bicarbonate reabsorption in the kidneys. The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining acid-base balance by regulating bicarbonate levels in the blood. In metabolic acidosis, there is an excess of non-volatile acids in the body, leading to a decrease in blood pH. To compensate for this acidosis, the kidneys increase the reabsorption of filtered bicarbonate ions from the renal tubules back into the blood. This process helps to raise the bicarbonate levels in the blood, which in turn helps to neutralize excess hydrogen ions and restore the blood pH towards normal levels. Hyperventilation (A) is a compensatory mechanism for respiratory acidosis, not metabolic acidosis. Increased renal excretion of hydrogen ions (C) and decreased renal excretion of bicarbonate ions

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Choose the step of nursing process that identiffies the famiilyy health seeking behavior.

  • A. Assesment
  • B. Planning
  • C. Implementation
  • D. Evaluation Situation
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The step of the nursing process that identifies the family's health-seeking behavior is Assessment. During the assessment phase, the nurse gathers information about the family's health practices, beliefs, priorities, and past experiences related to seeking healthcare. This helps the nurse understand how the family approaches health and healthcare, which is crucial for providing tailored and effective care. By assessing the family's health-seeking behavior, the nurse can better collaborate with them to address their health needs and promote positive health outcomes.

A patient has been advised by the psychiatrist that he needs inpatient hospitalization. The patient agrees, signs the admission forms, and agrees to receive treatment. What type of admission is this?

  • A. Formal
  • B. Informal
  • C. Voluntary
  • D. Involuntary
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: This type of admission is considered voluntary because the patient willingly agrees to be admitted to the hospital for treatment. The patient has signed the admission forms and consented to receive the necessary care, indicating a willingness to participate in their treatment plan. In a voluntary admission, the individual retains the right to make decisions about their treatment and can choose to leave the hospital against medical advice if they wish to do so.

A woman in active labor presents with a prolonged latent phase, characterized by irregular and ineffective contractions. What maternal condition should the nurse assess for that may contribute to this abnormal labor pattern?

  • A. Maternal hypotension
  • B. Maternal anxiety
  • C. Fetal macrosomia
  • D. Maternal fever
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Maternal anxiety can contribute to a prolonged latent phase during labor. Stress and anxiety can trigger the release of stress hormones such as adrenaline, which can interfere with the production of oxytocin, the hormone responsible for initiating contractions. This can result in irregular and ineffective contractions, leading to a prolonged latent phase. It is important for the nurse to assess the woman's anxiety levels and provide reassurance and support to help facilitate the progression of labor.

The nurse is aware that the proper management of poisoning includes the following EXCEPT to

  • A. perform hemoperfusion
  • B. remove the toxin through dialysis
  • C. dilute the ingested substance
  • D. induce vomiting after ingestion of the caustic substance or petroleum distillate
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hemoperfusion is not a standard management technique for poisoning. The other options are commonly used methods in managing poisoning cases.

Which of the following characteristics of Cushing disease is TRUE? The disease occurs in women between 20 to 40 year of age. II.The use of Corticosteroids for multiple immune conditions is a cause of the disease process. III. Condition is aggravated by excessive production of ACTH. IV.The surgical treatment of choice is Transphenoidal hypophysectomy

  • A. II & III
  • B. I, II, III, & IV
  • C. I, II, & III
  • D. I & Il
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Statement II is correct because the use of corticosteroids for multiple immune conditions can lead to the development of Cushing's disease.

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