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A patient with cystic fibrosis has received a double lung transplant and is now experiencing signs of rejection. What is the immune response that predominates in this situation?
- A. Humoral
- B. Nonspecific
- C. Cellular
- D. Mitigated
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Most immune responses to antigens involve both humoral and cellular responses, although only one predominates. During transplantation rejection, the cellular response predominates over the humoral response. Neither a mitigated nor nonspecific cell response is noted in this situation.
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A patient with a history of dermatitis takes corticosteroids on a regular basis. The nurse should assess the patient for which of the following complications of therapy?
- A. Immunosuppression
- B. Agranulocytosis
- C. Anemia
- D. Thrombocytopenia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Corticosteroids such as prednisone can cause immunosuppression. Corticosteroids do not typically cause agranulocytosis, anemia, or low platelet counts.
A patients exposure to which of the following microorganisms is most likely to trigger a cellular response?
- A. Herpes simplex
- B. Staphylococcus aureus
- C. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- D. Beta hemolytic Streptococcus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Viral, rather than bacterial antigens, induce a cellular response.
A patient is vigilant in her efforts to take good care of herself but is frustrated by her recent history of upper respiratory infections and influenza. What aspect of the patients lifestyle may have a negative effect on immune response?
- A. The patient works out at the gym twice daily.
- B. The patient does not eat red meats.
- C. The patient takes over-the-counter dietary supplements.
- D. The patient sleeps approximately 6 hours each night.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rigorous exercise or competitive exercise usually considered a positive lifestyle factor can be a physiologic stressor and cause negative effects on immune response. The patients habits around diet and sleep do not present obvious threats to immune function.
A patients recent diagnostic testing included a total lymphocyte count. The results of this test will allow the care team to gauge what aspect of the patients immunity?
- A. Humoral immune function
- B. Antigen recognition
- C. Cell-mediated immune function
- D. Antibody production
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A total lymphocyte count is a test used to determine cellular immune function. It is not normally used for testing humoral immune function and the associated antigenantibody.
A gerontologic nurse is caring for an older adult patient who has a diagnosis of pneumonia. What age-related change increases older adults susceptibility to respiratory infections?
- A. Atrophy of the thymus
- B. Bronchial stenosis
- C. Impaired ciliary action
- D. Decreased diaphragmatic muscle tone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: As a consequence of impaired ciliary action due to exposure to smoke and environmental toxins, older adults are vulnerable to lung infections. This vulnerability is not the result of thymus atrophy, stenosis of the bronchi, or loss of diaphragmatic muscle tone.