Nokea
A patients current immune response involves the direct destruction of foreign microorganisms. This aspect of the immune response may be performed by what cells?
- A. Suppressor T cells
- B. Memory T cells
- C. Cytotoxic T cells
- D. Complement T cells
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cytotoxic T cells (also called CD8 + cells) participate in the destruction of foreign organisms. Memory T cells and suppressor T cells do not perform this role in the immune response. The complement system does not exist as a type of T cell.
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A patient is being treated for cancer and the nurse has identified the nursing diagnosis of Risk for Infection Due to Protein Losses. Protein losses inhibit immune response in which of the following ways?
- A. Causing apoptosis of cytokines
- B. Increasing interferon production
- C. Causing CD4+ cells to mutate
- D. Depressing antibody response
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Depletion of protein reserves results in atrophy of lymphoid tissues, depression of antibody response, reduction in the number of circulating T cells, and impaired phagocytic function. This specific nutritional deficit does not cause T-cell mutation, an increase in the production of interferons, or apoptosis of cytokines.
A patient has undergone treatment for septic shock and received high doses of numerous antibiotics during the course of treatment. When planning the patients subsequent care, the nurse should be aware of what potential effect on the patients immune function?
- A. Bone marrow suppression
- B. Uncontrolled apoptosis
- C. Thymus atrophy
- D. Lymphoma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Large doses of antibiotics can precipitate bone marrow suppression, affecting immune function. Antibiotics are not noted to cause apoptosis, thymus atrophy, or lymphoma.
A patients injury has initiated an immune response that involves inflammation. What are the first cells to arrive at a site of inflammation?
- A. Eosinophils
- B. Red blood cells
- C. Lymphocytes
- D. Neutrophils
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Neutrophils are the first cells to arrive at the site where inflammation occurs. Eosinophils increase in number during allergic reactions and stress responses, but are not always present during inflammation. RBCs do not migrate during an immune response. Lymphocytes become active but do not migrate to the site of inflammation.
The nurse is providing care for a patient who has multiple sclerosis. The nurse recognizes the autoimmune etiology of this disease and the potential benefits of what treatment?
- A. Stem cell transplantation
- B. Serial immunizations
- C. Immunosuppression
- D. Genetic engineering
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Clinical trials using stem cells are under way in patients with a variety of disorders having an autoimmune component, including multiple sclerosis. Immunizations and genetic engineering are not used to treat multiple sclerosis. Immunosuppression would exacerbate symptoms of MS.
A woman has been diagnosed with breast cancer and is being treated aggressively with a chemotherapeutic regimen. As a result of this regimen, she has an inability to fight infection due to the fact that her bone marrow is unable to produce a sufficient amount of what?
- A. Lymphocytes
- B. Cytoblasts
- C. Antibodies
- D. Capillaries
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The white blood cells involved in immunity (including lymphocytes) are produced in the bone marrow. Cytoblasts are the protoplasm of the cell outside the nucleus. Antibodies are produced by lymphocytes, but not in the bone marrow. Capillaries are small blood vessels.