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A patient with hypertension is taking an ACE inhibitor to lower blood pressure. What should the nurse advise the patient to avoid in their diet?
- A. Vinegar
- B. Apples
- C. Salt substitutes
- D. Tomatoes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patients taking ACE inhibitors should avoid salt substitutes as they often contain potassium, which can lead to hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia is an elevated level of potassium in the blood that can be dangerous, especially for patients on ACE inhibitors. Therefore, it is important for the patient to avoid salt substitutes to prevent potential complications.
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A client is starting a new prescription for ferrous sulfate. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Take the medication with meals.
- B. Take the medication on an empty stomach.
- C. Take the medication with orange juice to enhance absorption.
- D. Take the medication with a full glass of milk.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
A client informs the nurse that she has difficulty swallowing tablets and struggles with liquid or chewable medications due to taste. What medication should the nurse request a prescription for when preparing to administer Penicillin V to treat the client's streptococcal infection?
- A. Fosfomycin
- B. Amoxicillin
- C. Nafcillin
- D. Cefaclor
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
A patient states he experiences anxiety and has panic attacks at least once a week. What might be helpful for this patient?
- A. Phenytoin (Dilantin)
- B. Lithium
- C. Alprazolam (Xanax)
- D. Spironolactone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Alprazolam (Xanax) is a medication commonly prescribed to treat anxiety disorders and panic attacks. It belongs to the class of medications known as benzodiazepines, which work by enhancing the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain to produce a calming effect. Phenytoin is an antiepileptic drug, not typically used for anxiety or panic attacks. Lithium is primarily used to treat bipolar disorder, not anxiety. Spironolactone is a diuretic primarily used to treat conditions like high blood pressure and heart failure, not anxiety or panic attacks.
What are the actions of the drug metformin?
- A. Decreases hepatic glucose production and intestinal glucose absorption
- B. Increases sensitivity to insulin
- C. Short-term sedation
- D. Both A and B
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Metformin has dual actions by decreasing hepatic glucose production and intestinal glucose absorption, which helps in reducing blood glucose levels, and it also increases sensitivity to insulin, aiding in its proper utilization within the body. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as metformin performs both of these actions.
A client is starting a new prescription for furosemide. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Weigh yourself daily.
- B. Limit sodium intake.
- C. Increase potassium intake.
- D. Avoid potassium-rich foods.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.