Nokea
A patient with metastatic cancer of the colon experiences severe vomiting after each administration of chemotherapy. Which action, if taken by the nurse, is appropriate?
- A. Have the patient eat large meals when nausea is not present.
- B. Offer dry crackers and carbonated fluids during chemotherapy.
- C. Administer prescribed antiemetics 1 hour before the treatments.
- D. Give the patient a glass of a citrus fruit beverage during treatments.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chemo vomiting's a beast pre-dosing antiemetics (e.g., ondansetron) an hour before blocks the gut-brain puke loop, the gold standard. Big meals overload; crackers and soda or citrus during treatment spark nausea acidity and fizz don't help. Nurses in oncology time this right prevention trumps mopping up, keeping patients steady.
You may also like to solve these questions
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is used as adjuvant therapy for a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Which information should the nurse include when explaining the purpose of this therapy to the patient?
- A. IL-2 enhances the body's immunologic response to tumor cells.
- B. IL-2 prevents bone marrow depression caused by chemotherapy.
- C. IL-2 protects normal cells from harmful effects of chemotherapy.
- D. IL-2 stimulates malignant cells in the resting phase to enter mitosis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: IL-2, a BRM, revs up immunity T-cells and NK cells to hunt renal cell carcinoma, a tumor responsive to this kick. It doesn't shield marrow or normal cells chemo's still rough. It's not pushing cancer mitosis that's chemo's gig. Nurses in oncology clarify this IL-2's an immune booster, a lifeline when mets rage, not a chemo sidekick.
Regarding infective endocarditis in an IVDU
- A. Usually presents with fever and respiratory symptoms
- B. Usually involves the mitral valve
- C. The commonest organism is staph epidermidis
- D. Negative blood cultures exclude the diagnosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: IVDU endocarditis fever, lung emboli from tricuspid, not mitral, Staph aureus, cultures miss some. Nurses hear this chronic right-side roar.
Hyperglycaemia is involved in cardiovascular complications in diabetes. There are several mechanisms through which high glucose levels in endothelial cells can lead to complications. Question: Which mechanism is NOT directly associated with cardiovascular complications in diabetes?
- A. Activation of PKC
- B. AGE pathway
- C. Sorbitol pathway
- D. Fatty acid oxidation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: High glucose trashes vessels PKC, AGEs, sorbitol clog the works, but fatty acid burn's metabolic, not direct CV. Nurses spot this, a chronic heart sidestep.
Which of the following patients would probably not benefit from a >5-10% weight loss?
- A. A 28-year-old female with BMI 37 kg/m² and oligomenorrhea but planning for fertility in the future
- B. A 40-year-old man with BMI 26 kg/m², who has a strong family history of diabetes, recently diagnosed with prediabetes
- C. A 21-year-old man with BMI 42 kg/m² with no known medical problems and a family history of T2DM
- D. A 70-year-old female, BMI 26 kg/m², with well-controlled T2DM on two oral anti-diabetic medications and osteoporosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A 5-10% weight loss benefits most with obesity-related conditions improving fertility (BMI 37), prediabetes (BMI 26), or T2DM risk (BMI 42). The 70-year-old with BMI 26, well-controlled T2DM, and osteoporosis may not benefit significantly; weight loss could worsen bone density, and her diabetes is managed, reducing urgency. Her age and comorbidities shift focus to stability, not weight reduction, guiding physicians in chronic care prioritization.
A client diagnosed with stable angina is complaining of substernal chest pain, rating the pain 5 out of 10. What would be the priority action by the nurse?
- A. Administer the client's prescribed beta-blocker
- B. Administer nitroglycerin intravenously immediately
- C. Administer morphine
- D. Administer 325 mg of chewable aspirin immediately
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Stable angina's oxygen pinch 5/10 pain bows to aspirin's antiplatelet punch, cutting clot risk fast, a priority over beta-blockers' slow rate drop. IV nitroglycerin's for MI, morphine's overkill, aspirin's chewed for quick absorption. Nurses hit this, easing ischemia, a front-line move in this chest squeeze.