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A patient with trigeminal neuralgia has moderate to severe burning and shooting pain. In helping the patient to manage the pain, the nurse recognizes what about this type of pain?
- A. Treatment includes the use of adjuvant analgesics
- B. Will be chronic in nature and require long-term treatment
- C. Responds to small to moderate around-the-clock doses of oral opioids
- D. Can be well controlled with salicylates or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Trigeminal neuralgia is chronic and often requires long-term management.
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Grace was diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism after a workup to determine the cause of her elevated calcium levels. The greatest concern in a patient with hypercalcemia would be:
- A. Cardiac arrhythmia and sinus arrest.
- B. Nausea and vomiting.
- C. Constipation and dehydration.
- D. Kidney stones and muscle weakness.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is Kidney stones and muscle weakness (D). Hypercalcemia is commonly associated with kidney stones due to increased calcium excretion in urine. Muscle weakness is also a common symptom due to the effect of high calcium levels on neuromuscular function.
A healthcare professional is interested in making interdisciplinary work a high priority. Which actions by the professional best demonstrate this skill? (Select ONE that does not apply)
- A. Consulting with other disciplines on client care
- B. Coordinating discharge planning for home safety
- C. Participating in comprehensive client rounding
- D. Sharing the care plans with other disciplines
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because coordinating discharge planning for home safety is not directly related to interdisciplinary work. The other choices (A, C, D) involve active collaboration and communication with different disciplines to ensure comprehensive client care. Consulting with other disciplines, participating in client rounding, and sharing care plans all demonstrate a high priority on interdisciplinary work by fostering teamwork and integration of various perspectives to enhance patient outcomes. In contrast, coordinating discharge planning for home safety is more focused on individual patient needs and safety rather than interdisciplinary collaboration.
A client had a hemicolectomy performed two days ago. Today, the nurse assessed the incision and discovered a small part of the abdominal viscera protruding through the incision. This complication of wound healing is known as:
- A. excoriation.
- B. dehiscence.
- C. decortication.
- D. evisceration.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Excoriation is an abrasion of the epidermis, or of any organ coating of the body, caused by trauma, chemicals, burns, or other causes. Dehiscence is a partial to complete separation of the wound edges with no abdominal tissue protrusion. Decortication is removal of the surface layer of an organ or structure, such as removing the fibrinous peel from the visceral pleura in thoracic surgery. Evisceration occurs when the incision separates and the contents of the cavity spill out.
You anticipate that the physician will order which drug for status epilepticus?
- A. PO phenytoin and carbamazepine
- B. IV lorazepam (Ativan)
- C. IV carbamazepine
- D. IV magnesium sulfate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lorazepam is commonly used for rapid control of seizures in status epilepticus.
During a shower three days ago, Jeremy Robb, 19, discovered a firm lump in his left testis. He went to the student health center at his university, was referred to a local physician and was admitted to the hospital for a left orchiectomy and lymph node resection. Risk factors for cancer of the testes include:
- A. smoking.
- B. undescended testicle.
- C. multiple sex partners.
- D. genital trauma.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Smoking has been linked to cancer of the lungs, bladder, and pancreas, but has not been linked directly to cancer of the testes. Males who had undescended testicle(s) have been found to have a higher incidence of cancer of the testes later. It is theorized that the internal heat the testes are exposed to while in the abdomen causes the damage to the testes. Multiple sex partners is a risk for genital warts, AIDS, and sexually transmitted diseases, but has not been shown to be a risk for cancer of the testes. Genital trauma more likely causes bladder and ureteral damage.