Nokea
What statement by Mr. Ross indicates postural drainage has been effective?
- A. ‘I have been able to eat a little better during the past week.’
- B. ‘I have not gained any during the past week.’
- C. ‘I have not been able to sleep very well at night.’
- D. ‘I have been bringing up lots of sputum when I cough.’
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Effective postural drainage clears secretions, evidenced by productive coughing.
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A nurse assesses a client’s pain level as a 5 out of 10 on the pain scale. The order reads for the client to receive morphine. Which of the following five ways of managing pain does the drug morphine fall under?
- A. Altering pain transmission at the level of the spinal cord
- B. Combining analgesics with adjuvant drugs
- C. Blocking brain perception
- D. Interrupting pain-transmitting chemicals at the site of injury
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because morphine primarily works by altering pain transmission at the level of the spinal cord by binding to opioid receptors.
A nurse criticizes the attending physician and suggests that a different physician should care for the patient. What is your best response?
- A. Call the nurse away from the patient and remind him that the patient can still hear even if unconscious.
- B. Report the nurse to the attending physician.
- C. Ask the nurse why he has such feelings.
- D. Simply nod your head in agreement.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Protecting the patient's dignity and ensuring professionalism is paramount.
How does the pain of a myocardial infarction (MI) differ from stable angina?
- A. Accompanied by shortness of breath
- B. Feelings of fear or anxiety
- C. Lasts about 3-5 minutes
- D. Relieved by taking nitroglycerin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, as the pain of MI is often accompanied by shortness of breath due to decreased oxygen supply to the heart muscle, whereas stable angina typically does not present with this symptom. Shortness of breath in MI is due to the heart's inability to pump effectively. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because feelings of fear or anxiety, duration of pain, and response to nitroglycerin are not definitive differentiating factors between MI and stable angina.
What priority nursing action should you take?
- A. Notify the physician immediately
- B. Administer supplemental oxygen
- C. Have the student breathe into a paper bag
- D. Obtain an order for an anxiolytic medication
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Breathing into a paper bag can help rebalance carbon dioxide levels in a patient experiencing hyperventilation.
Which physiological response is often associated with surgery-related stress?
- A. Bronchial constriction.
- B. Decreased cortisol levels.
- C. Peripheral vasodilation.
- D. Sodium and water retention.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Stress activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, leading to sodium and water retention.