Nokea
A patient with wheezing and coughing caused by an allergic reaction to penicillin is admitted to the emergency department (ED). Which of these medications do you anticipate administering first?
- A. methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) 100 mg IV
- B. cromolyn sodium (Intal) 20 mg per nebulizer
- C. albuterol (Proventil) 0.5 mL per nebulizer
- D. aminophylline 500 mg IV over 20 minutes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Albuterol is a bronchodilator that acts quickly to relieve wheezing and coughing caused by bronchospasm. It is the first-line treatment for acute allergic reactions affecting the airways. The other medications may be used as adjuncts but are not as immediately effective in relieving bronchospasm.
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Which of the following statements is NOT true? The SARS coronavirus
- A. Caused an epidemic in 2003 that registered 10% mortality rate
- B. Caused an acute infection of the lungs classified as acute respiratory distress syndrome
- C. Is also the causal agent of MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome)
- D. Is thought to have been transmitted from bats to civets and from civets to humans
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the statement that SARS coronavirus is also the causal agent of MERS is false. MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) is caused by a different coronavirus called MERS-CoV. SARS-CoV caused the 2003 epidemic with a 10% mortality rate, which aligns with statement A. Statement B is correct as SARS-CoV does cause an acute infection of the lungs known as acute respiratory distress syndrome. Statement D is also true as SARS-CoV is believed to have been transmitted from bats to civets and then to humans. Therefore, the incorrect statement is C.
The patient is transferring from another facility with the description of a sore on her sacrum that is deep enough to see the muscle. What stage of pressure ulcer does the nurse expect to see on admission?
- A. Stage I
- B. Stage II
- C. Stage III
- D. Stage IV
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Stage IV pressure ulcers involve full-thickness tissue loss, exposing muscle, tendon, or bone.
Which of the following is the most important factor in the nursing management of a client with CFS?
- A. Teaching the client how to avoid aggravating the disease
- B. Informing the client about the drug therapy that will provide significant improvement
- C. Advising the client to alter the diet and environment
- D. Educating the client about the disease process and its limitations
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Educating the client about the disease process and its limitations helps them manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
A cytokine essential for clonal expansion of T cells is
- A. IL-1
- B. IL-2
- C. IL4
- D. IL-5
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: IL-2. IL-2 is essential for the clonal expansion of T cells as it promotes T cell proliferation. It is produced by activated T cells themselves and plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses. IL-1 is involved in inflammation, not T cell expansion. IL-4 is important for Th2 cell differentiation, while IL-5 is critical for eosinophil activation. In summary, IL-2 specifically promotes T cell clonal expansion, making it the correct choice in this context.
Which patient would be most likely to be cured with chemotherapy as a treatment measure?
- A. Small cell lung cancer
- B. New neuroblastoma
- C. Small tumor of the bone
- D. Large hepatocellular carcinoma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Neuroblastoma, especially in newly diagnosed cases, is highly responsive to chemotherapy and has a higher likelihood of cure.