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A patient's lab results show a slight decrease in potassium. The physician has declined to treat with drug therapy but has suggested increasing the potassium through diet. Which of the following would be a good source of potassium?
- A. Apples
- B. Asparagus
- C. Carrots
- D. Bananas
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
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A patient with diabetes insipidus is admitted to the intensive care unit after a motor vehicle accident that resulted in head trauma and damage to the pituitary gland. Diabetes insipidus can occur when there is a decreased production of which of the following?
- A. ADH
- B. Estrogen
- C. Aldosterone
- D. Renin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
A nurse is visiting an 84-year-old woman living at home and recovering from hip surgery. The woman seems confused and has poor skin turgor, and she states that 'she stops drinking water early in the day because it is too difficult to get up during the night to go to the bathroom.' The nurse explains to the woman that:
- A. She will need to have her medications adjusted and be readmitted to the hospital for a complete workup.
- B. Limiting fluids can create imbalances in the body that can result in confusion; maybe we need to adjust the timing of your fluids.
- C. It is normal to be a little confused following surgery and it is safe not to urinate at night.
- D. Confusion following surgery is common in the elderly due to loss of sleep.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. In elderly patients, fluid deficits can lead to confusion and cognitive impairment. Limiting fluids can disrupt the body's balance, leading to such symptoms. Adjusting the timing of fluids can help maintain hydration without causing nighttime interruptions. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not address the underlying issue of fluid imbalance causing confusion. Choice A suggests unnecessary hospital readmission and medication adjustments. Choice C incorrectly normalizes confusion post-surgery and suggests it is safe not to urinate at night, which can exacerbate the issue. Choice D inaccurately attributes confusion to sleep loss rather than fluid imbalance.
The nurse is admitting a patient with a suspected fluid imbalance. The most sensitive indicator of body fluid balance is:
- A. Daily weight
- B. Serum sodium levels
- C. Measured intake and output
- D. Blood pressure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Daily weights show trends and can assist medical management by indicating if interventions and medications are effective. Laboratory data are objective data that indicate whether electrolyte levels are within normal limits for the patient with fluid balance problems. However, if a patient is dehydrated, some laboratory data can show false elevations. Intake and output is extremely important, but matching the two is difficult because fluid is also lost through breathing, perspiration, stool, and surgical tubes. Vital signs may or may not be helpful because heart rate and blood pressure can be elevated by either depletion or excess of fluids in some situations.
Which of the following might the nurse assess in a patient diagnosed with hypermagnesemia?
- A. Diminished deep tendon reflexes
- B. Tachycardia
- C. Cool clammy skin
- D. Increased serum magnesium
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
A patient is taking spironolactone (Aldactone) to control her hypertension. Her serum potassium level is 6 mEq/L. For this patient, the nurse's priority would be to assess her:
- A. Neuromuscular function
- B. Bowel sounds
- C. Respiratory rate
- D. Electrocardiogram (ECG) results
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.