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A person received an invitation to be in the wedding of a friend who lives across the country. The individual is afraid of flying. What type of therapy should the nurse recommend?
- A. Psychoanalysis
- B. Milieu therapy
- C. Systematic desensitization
- D. Short-term dynamic therapy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Systematic desensitization extinguishes specific fears like flying. Psychoanalysis and short-term therapy explore conflicts, and milieu involves environmental adjustments.
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Operant conditioning will be used to encourage speech in a child who is nearly mute. Which technique would a nurse include in the treatment plan?
- A. Ignore the child for using silence.
- B. Have the child observe others talking.
- C. Give the child a small treat for speaking.
- D. Teach the child relaxation techniques, then coax speech.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Operant conditioning uses positive reinforcement, like treats, to encourage desired behaviors like speech. Ignoring silence is not reinforcing, observation is modeling, and relaxation is desensitization.
Cognitive behavioral therapy was provided for a patient who frequently said, 'I'm stupid.' Which statement by the patient indicates the therapy was effective?
- A. I'm disappointed in my lack of ability.'
- B. I always fail when I try new things.'
- C. Things always go wrong for me.'
- D. Sometimes I do stupid things.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: I'm stupid' is an irrational thought. 'Sometimes I do stupid things' is more rational, promoting self-control. The other options reflect persistent irrational thinking.
A patient comments, 'I never know the right answer' and 'My opinion is not important.' Using Erikson's theory, which psychosocial crisis did the patient have difficulty resolving?
- A. Initiative versus Guilt
- B. Trust versus Mistrust
- C. Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt
- D. Generativity versus Self-Absorption
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: These statements show severe self-doubt, indicating that the crisis of gaining control over the environment is not being successfully met. Unsuccessful resolution of Initiative versus Guilt results in guilt, Trust versus Mistrust in poor relationships, and Generativity versus Self-Absorption in self-absorption.
A single parent is experiencing feelings of inadequacy related to work and family since one teenaged child ran away several weeks ago. The parent seeks the help of a therapist specializing in cognitive therapy. The psychotherapist who uses cognitive therapy will introduce what intervention?
- A. Discussing ego states
- B. Focusing on unconscious mental processes
- C. Negatively reinforcing an undesirable behavior
- D. Helping the parent identify and change faulty thinking.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cognitive therapy changes faulty beliefs to improve behavior. Ego states are transactional analysis, unconscious processes are psychoanalytic, and reinforcement is behavioral.
A 26-month-old child displays negative behaviors. The parent says, 'My child refuses toilet training and shouts, 'No!' when given direction. What do you think is wrong?' Select the nurse's best reply.
- A. This is normal for your child's age. The child is striving for independence.
- B. The child needs firmer control. Punish the child for disobedience and say, 'No.'
- C. There may be developmental problems. Most children are toilet trained by age 2 years.
- D. Some undesirable attitudes are developing. A child psychologist can help you develop a remedial plan.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: These negative behaviors are typical of a child around the age of 2 years whose developmental task is to develop autonomy. The incorrect options indicate the child's behavior is abnormal.