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A person tells a nurse, 'I was the only survivor in a small plane crash, but three business associates died. I got anxious and depressed and saw a counselor three times a week for a month. We talked about my feelings related to being a survivor, and now I am at peace with the situation.' Which type of therapy was used?
- A. Milieu therapy
- B. Psychoanalysis
- C. Behavior modification
- D. Interpersonal therapy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Interpersonal therapy helps process loss and guilt, restoring functioning. Milieu is environmental, psychoanalysis is long-term, and behavior modification changes specific behaviors.
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The parent of a 4 year old rewards and praises the child for helping a younger sibling, being polite, and using good manners. A nurse supports the use of praise because, according to the Freudian theory, these qualities will likely be internalized and become what part of the child's personality?
- A. Id
- B. Ego
- C. Superego
- D. Preconscious
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the Freudian theory, the superego contains the 'thou shalts' or moral standards internalized from interactions with significant others. Praise fosters internalization of desirable behaviors. The id is the center of basic instinctual drives, and the ego is the mediator. The preconscious is a level of awareness.
An advanced practice nurse determines that a group of patients would benefit from opportunities to practice appropriate social behaviors and learn about basic living skills. The nurse would arrange for what form of therapy?
- A. Milieu therapy
- B. Cognitive therapy
- C. Short-term dynamic therapy
- D. Systematic desensitization
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Milieu therapy provides a safe environment for practicing social and living skills. The other therapies are individual-focused and do not address group social behavior.
A person received an invitation to be in the wedding of a friend who lives across the country. The individual is afraid of flying. What type of therapy should the nurse recommend?
- A. Psychoanalysis
- B. Milieu therapy
- C. Systematic desensitization
- D. Short-term dynamic therapy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Systematic desensitization extinguishes specific fears like flying. Psychoanalysis and short-term therapy explore conflicts, and milieu involves environmental adjustments.
A patient comments, 'I never know the right answer' and 'My opinion is not important.' Using Erikson's theory, which psychosocial crisis did the patient have difficulty resolving?
- A. Initiative versus Guilt
- B. Trust versus Mistrust
- C. Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt
- D. Generativity versus Self-Absorption
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: These statements show severe self-doubt, indicating that the crisis of gaining control over the environment is not being successfully met. Unsuccessful resolution of Initiative versus Guilt results in guilt, Trust versus Mistrust in poor relationships, and Generativity versus Self-Absorption in self-absorption.
A student nurse tells the instructor, 'I don't need to interact with my patients. I learn what I need to know by observation.' The instructor can best interpret the nursing implications of Sullivan's theory by providing what response?
- A. Nurses cannot be isolated. We must interact to provide patients with opportunities to practice interpersonal skills.'
- B. Observing patient interactions can help you formulate priority nursing diagnoses and appropriate interventions.'
- C. I wonder how accurate your assessment of the patient's needs can be if you do not interact with the patient.'
- D. Noting patient behavioral changes is important because these signify changes in personality.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sullivan's theory emphasizes interpersonal relationships. Interaction is essential for nurses to model mutuality and empathy. Observation alone lacks subjective data, and the other responses align with different theories.