Nokea
A nurse supports parental praise of a child who is behaving in a helpful way. When the individual behaves with politeness and helpfulness in adulthood, which ego ideal will most likely result?
- A. Curiosity
- B. Awareness
- C. Honesty
- D. Self-esteem
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The individual will be living up to the ego ideal, which will result in positive feelings about self. None of the other characteristics are as closely associated with the ego.
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A nurse uses Maslow's hierarchy of needs to plan care for a psychotic patient. Which problem will receive priority?
- A. Refuses to eat or bathe.
- B. Reports feelings of alienation from family.
- C. Is reluctant to participate in unit social activities.
- D. Needs to be taught about medication action and side effects.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Physiological needs like food and hygiene take priority in Maslow's hierarchy over psychological or social needs.
Operant conditioning will be used to encourage speech in a child who is nearly mute. Which technique would a nurse include in the treatment plan?
- A. Ignore the child for using silence.
- B. Have the child observe others talking.
- C. Give the child a small treat for speaking.
- D. Teach the child relaxation techniques, then coax speech.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Operant conditioning uses positive reinforcement, like treats, to encourage desired behaviors like speech. Ignoring silence is not reinforcing, observation is modeling, and relaxation is desensitization.
A nurse listens to a group of recent retirees. One says, 'I volunteer with Meals on Wheels, coach teen sports, and do church visitation.' Another laughs and says, 'I'm too busy taking care of myself to volunteer. I don't have time to help others.' These comments contrast which developmental tasks?
- A. Trust versus Mistrust
- B. Industry versus Inferiority
- C. Intimacy versus Isolation
- D. Generativity versus Self-Absorption
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Both retirees are in middle adulthood, facing Generativity versus Self-Absorption. One shows generativity through volunteering, the other self-absorption. Trust versus Mistrust involves trust issues, Industry versus Inferiority work competence, and Intimacy versus Isolation emotional connection.
Which patient statement would lead a nurse to suspect that the developmental task of infancy was not successfully completed?
- A. I have very warm and close friendships.'
- B. I'm afraid to let anyone really get to know me.'
- C. I am always right and confident about my decisions.'
- D. I'm ashamed that I didn't do it correctly in the first place.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: According to Erikson, the developmental task of infancy is trust. Fear of letting others know oneself shows mistrust. Warm friendships indicate successful trust development. Confidence suggests rigidity, and shame relates to Initiative versus Guilt.
A 26-month-old child displays negative behavior, refuses toilet training, and often shouts, 'No!' when given direction. The nurse's counseling with the parent should be based on the premise that the child is engaged in which of Erikson's psychosocial crises?
- A. Trust versus Mistrust
- B. Initiative versus Guilt
- C. Industry versus Inferiority
- D. Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The crisis of Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt is related to the developmental task of gaining control of self and environment, as exemplified by toilet training. This psychosocial crisis occurs during the period of early childhood. Trust versus Mistrust is the crisis of the infant, Initiative versus Guilt is the crisis of the preschool and early school-aged child, and Industry versus Inferiority is the crisis of the 6- to 12-year-old child.