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What cognitive strategy should a nurse use to assist a very dependent patient achieve independence?
- A. Reveal dream content.
- B. Take prescribed medications.
- C. Examine thoughts about being autonomous.
- D. Role model ways to ask for help from others.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cognitive therapy examines thoughts to change behavior. Dream content is psychoanalytic, medications are biological, and role modeling is not cognitive.
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A person received an invitation to be in the wedding of a friend who lives across the country. The individual is afraid of flying. What type of therapy should the nurse recommend?
- A. Psychoanalysis
- B. Milieu therapy
- C. Systematic desensitization
- D. Short-term dynamic therapy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Systematic desensitization extinguishes specific fears like flying. Psychoanalysis and short-term therapy explore conflicts, and milieu involves environmental adjustments.
A patient states, 'I'm starting cognitive behavioral therapy. What can I expect from the sessions?' Which responses by the nurse are appropriate?
- A. The therapist will be active and questioning.'
- B. You may be given homework assignments.'
- C. The therapist will ask you to describe your dreams.'
- D. The therapist will help you look at ideas and beliefs you have about yourself.'
- E. The goal is to increase your subjectivity about thoughts that govern your behavior.'
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: Cognitive therapists are active, assign homework, and help identify irrational thoughts. Dream analysis is psychoanalytic, and the goal is objectivity, not subjectivity.
A nurse supports parental praise of a child who is behaving in a helpful way. When the individual behaves with politeness and helpfulness in adulthood, which ego ideal will most likely result?
- A. Curiosity
- B. Awareness
- C. Honesty
- D. Self-esteem
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The individual will be living up to the ego ideal, which will result in positive feelings about self. None of the other characteristics are as closely associated with the ego.
A nurse uses Peplau's interpersonal therapy while working with an anxious, withdrawn patient. What should the focus of the interventions be?
- A. Changing the patient's perceptions about self
- B. Improving the patient's interactional skills.
- C. Using medications to relieve anxiety
- D. Reinforcing specific behaviors
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Peplau's therapy focuses on improving interpersonal relationships. Changing perceptions is cognitive therapy, medications are biological therapy, and reinforcing behaviors is behavioral therapy.
A 26-month-old child displays negative behavior, refuses toilet training, and often shouts, 'No!' when given direction. The nurse's counseling with the parent should be based on the premise that the child is engaged in which of Erikson's psychosocial crises?
- A. Trust versus Mistrust
- B. Initiative versus Guilt
- C. Industry versus Inferiority
- D. Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The crisis of Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt is related to the developmental task of gaining control of self and environment, as exemplified by toilet training. This psychosocial crisis occurs during the period of early childhood. Trust versus Mistrust is the crisis of the infant, Initiative versus Guilt is the crisis of the preschool and early school-aged child, and Industry versus Inferiority is the crisis of the 6- to 12-year-old child.