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A 4-year-old child grabs toys from siblings, saying, 'I want that toy now!' The siblings cry, and the child's parent becomes upset with the behavior. Using the Freudian theory, a nurse can interpret the child's behavior as a product of impulses originating in the:
- A. id.
- B. ego.
- C. superego.
- D. preconscious.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The id operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of impulses. The ego acts as a mediator of behavior and weighs the consequences of the action, perhaps determining that taking the toy is not worth the parent's wrath. The superego would oppose the impulsive behavior as 'not nice.' The preconscious is a level of awareness.
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A nurse psychotherapist works with an anxious, dependent patient. What therapeutic strategy is most consistent with the framework of psychoanalytic psychotherapy?
- A. Emphasizing medication compliance
- B. Identifying the patient's strengths and assets
- C. Offering psychoeducational materials and groups
- D. Focusing on feelings developed by the patient toward the nurse
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Transference, a psychoanalytic concept, involves exploring feelings toward the therapist to resolve conflicts. Medication is biological, strengths are supportive, and education is cognitive.
A 26-month-old child displays negative behaviors. The parent says, 'My child refuses toilet training and shouts, 'No!' when given direction. What do you think is wrong?' Select the nurse's best reply.
- A. This is normal for your child's age. The child is striving for independence.
- B. The child needs firmer control. Punish the child for disobedience and say, 'No.'
- C. There may be developmental problems. Most children are toilet trained by age 2 years.
- D. Some undesirable attitudes are developing. A child psychologist can help you develop a remedial plan.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: These negative behaviors are typical of a child around the age of 2 years whose developmental task is to develop autonomy. The incorrect options indicate the child's behavior is abnormal.
A nurse supports parental praise of a child who is behaving in a helpful way. When the individual behaves with politeness and helpfulness in adulthood, which ego ideal will most likely result?
- A. Curiosity
- B. Awareness
- C. Honesty
- D. Self-esteem
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The individual will be living up to the ego ideal, which will result in positive feelings about self. None of the other characteristics are as closely associated with the ego.
A 26-month-old child displays negative behavior, refuses toilet training, and often shouts, 'No!' when given directions. Using Freud's stages of psychosexual development, a nurse would assess the child's behavior is based on which stage?
- A. Oral
- B. Anal
- C. Phallic
- D. Genital
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In Freud's stages of psychosexual development, the anal stage occurs from age 1 to 3 years and has, as its focus, toilet training and learning to delay immediate gratification. The oral stage occurs between birth and 1 year, the phallic stage occurs between 3 and 5 years, and the genital stage occurs between 13 and 20 years.
A person received an invitation to be in the wedding of a friend who lives across the country. The individual is afraid of flying. What type of therapy should the nurse recommend?
- A. Psychoanalysis
- B. Milieu therapy
- C. Systematic desensitization
- D. Short-term dynamic therapy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Systematic desensitization extinguishes specific fears like flying. Psychoanalysis and short-term therapy explore conflicts, and milieu involves environmental adjustments.