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A psychiatric technician says, 'Little of what takes place on the behavioral health unit seems to be theory based.' A nurse educates the technician by identifying which common use of Sullivan's theory?
- A. Structure of the therapeutic milieu of most behavioral health units
- B. Frequent use of restraint and seclusion for behavior modification
- C. Assessment tools based on age-appropriate versus arrested behaviors
- D. Use of the nursing process to determine the best sequence for nursing actions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sullivan's theory informs the therapeutic milieu, fostering an accepting environment for practicing interpersonal skills. Restraint is not part of his theory, developmental assessments align with Erikson, and the nursing process is multi-theoretical.
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An adult expresses the wish to be taken care of and often behaves in a helpless fashion. This adult has needs related to which of Freud's stages of psychosexual development?
- A. Latency
- B. Phallic
- C. Anal
- D. Oral
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fixation at the oral stage produces dependent behaviors in adults. Latency fixations lead to social skill deficits, phallic fixations to authority issues, and anal fixations to rigidity or messiness.
A nurse supports parental praise of a child who is behaving in a helpful way. When the individual behaves with politeness and helpfulness in adulthood, which ego ideal will most likely result?
- A. Curiosity
- B. Awareness
- C. Honesty
- D. Self-esteem
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The individual will be living up to the ego ideal, which will result in positive feelings about self. None of the other characteristics are as closely associated with the ego.
A 26-month-old child displays negative behaviors. The parent says, 'My child refuses toilet training and shouts, 'No!' when given direction. What do you think is wrong?' Select the nurse's best reply.
- A. This is normal for your child's age. The child is striving for independence.
- B. The child needs firmer control. Punish the child for disobedience and say, 'No.'
- C. There may be developmental problems. Most children are toilet trained by age 2 years.
- D. Some undesirable attitudes are developing. A child psychologist can help you develop a remedial plan.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: These negative behaviors are typical of a child around the age of 2 years whose developmental task is to develop autonomy. The incorrect options indicate the child's behavior is abnormal.
A person tells a nurse, 'I was the only survivor in a small plane crash, but three business associates died. I got anxious and depressed and saw a counselor three times a week for a month. We talked about my feelings related to being a survivor, and now I am at peace with the situation.' Which type of therapy was used?
- A. Milieu therapy
- B. Psychoanalysis
- C. Behavior modification
- D. Interpersonal therapy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Interpersonal therapy helps process loss and guilt, restoring functioning. Milieu is environmental, psychoanalysis is long-term, and behavior modification changes specific behaviors.
A patient comments, 'I never know the right answer' and 'My opinion is not important.' Using Erikson's theory, which psychosocial crisis did the patient have difficulty resolving?
- A. Initiative versus Guilt
- B. Trust versus Mistrust
- C. Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt
- D. Generativity versus Self-Absorption
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: These statements show severe self-doubt, indicating that the crisis of gaining control over the environment is not being successfully met. Unsuccessful resolution of Initiative versus Guilt results in guilt, Trust versus Mistrust in poor relationships, and Generativity versus Self-Absorption in self-absorption.