Nokea
A person who experiences an aura as part of his/her seizure pattern should be instructed to
- A. lie down in a safe place
- B. take additional anticonvulsant medication
- C. call an ambulance
- D. exercise vigorously
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lying down in a safe place can prevent injury during a seizure.
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Application of RICE (rest, ice, compression, and elevation) is indicated for initial management of which type of injury?
- A. Muscle spasms
- B. Sprains and strains
- C. Repetitive strain injury
- D. Dislocations and subluxations
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: RICE is effective for managing acute soft tissue injuries like sprains and strains.
Which of the following nursing interventions is taken as a precautionary measure if shock develops when a client with spinal cord injury is hospitalized?
- A. An IV line is inserted to provide access to a vein.
- B. Head and back are immobilized mechanically with a cervical collar and back support.
- C. Traction with weights and pulleys is applied.
- D. A turning frame is used.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: IV access is critical for administering fluids and medications in shock.
The nurse instructs a client who has a neurological deficit regarding nutrition and diet. What should the client do?
- A. Eat two large meals instead of frequent small meals.
- B. Consume a diet low in fiber.
- C. Chew foods quickly.
- D. Be sure to take fluids frequently.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Staying hydrated is crucial for clients with neurological deficits to prevent constipation and urinary tract infections.
Cell bodies for the motor supply of the trigeminal nerve lie
- A. Hypothalamus
- B. Midbrain
- C. Posterior to cerebral aqueduct
- D. Cerebral cortex
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve is located in the midbrain. It supplies muscles of mastication, such as the masseter and temporalis.
A client with a subdural hematoma becomes restless and confused, with dilation of the ipsilateral pupil. The physician orders mannitol for which of the following reasons?
- A. To reduce intraocular pressure
- B. To prevent acute tubular necrosis
- C. To promote osmotic diuresis to decrease ICP
- D. To draw water into the vascular system to increase blood pressure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that draws fluid from the brain tissue into the vascular system, reducing intracranial pressure (ICP). This is critical in cases of subdural hematoma, where increased ICP can lead to brain herniation and further neurological damage. The drug works by creating an osmotic gradient, pulling water from the extracellular space of the brain into the bloodstream, which is then excreted by the kidneys. This mechanism helps alleviate symptoms like restlessness, confusion, and pupil dilation caused by increased ICP.