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Which best describes the signs and symptoms of trichomoniasis in women?
- A. Foul, fishy odor and thick clumpy white vaginal discharge
- B. Malodorous, frothy yellow-green vaginal discharge
- C. Dysuria and thin milky-white vaginal discharge
- D. Condition is asymptomatic in women
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: Trichomoniasis is characterized by malodorous, frothy yellow-green vaginal discharge due to the presence of Trichomonas vaginalis parasite. This discharge is a hallmark sign of the infection. Other choices are incorrect because:
A: Foul, fishy odor and thick clumpy white discharge are more indicative of bacterial vaginosis or yeast infection.
C: Dysuria and thin milky-white discharge are more suggestive of a urinary tract infection.
D: Trichomoniasis can manifest with symptoms in women such as vaginal discharge, itching, and discomfort.
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A nurse is providing preoperative teaching for a woman who is undergoing a total mastectomy. Which will this teaching include? Select all that apply.
- A. Explain that she will have an IV, a drain, and a dressing in place on awakening. Tell her about expectations she may have regarding physical appearance, pain management, equipment that will be used (IVs, drains, etc.).
- B. Explain that she will be provided pain management as needed; monitor and review the pain scale to be used to identify level of intensity.
- C. Have her elevate the affected arm with pillows.
- D. Turn the woman every 4 hours, alternating between the unaffected side and affected side. To prevent pneumonia and complications, have her cough and take deep breaths every 2 hours, while nurse applies support to the chest.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for Answer C (Correct Answer):
1. Elevating the affected arm with pillows post-mastectomy helps reduce swelling and promote lymphatic drainage, aiding in preventing lymphedema.
2. By elevating the arm, it reduces strain on the surgical site and surrounding tissues, promoting comfort and aiding in the healing process.
3. This positioning also helps in preventing postoperative complications such as shoulder stiffness and contractures.
Summary of Why Other Choices are Incorrect:
- Choice A: While important aspects of preoperative teaching, it does not specifically address the need to elevate the affected arm post-mastectomy.
- Choice B: Pain management is crucial, but it does not directly relate to the need for arm elevation post-mastectomy.
- Choice D: Turning every 4 hours and coughing exercises are important for preventing complications but do not address the specific need for arm elevation post-mastectomy.
When the client is started on antiretroviral drugs for HIV, what will be important for the nurse to teach the client?
- A. This drug will cure the disease over a period of time.
- B. This drug will not cure the disease but could extend your life expectancy.
- C. This type of drug will be used prior to vaccines.
- D. This drug is readily available all over the world.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: This drug will not cure the disease but could extend your life expectancy. Antiretroviral drugs for HIV do not cure the disease but help manage it by reducing viral load and boosting immune function, extending life expectancy. Choice A is incorrect because currently, there is no cure for HIV. Choice C is incorrect as antiretroviral drugs are not used prior to vaccines but are used to treat HIV infection. Choice D is incorrect because the availability of antiretroviral drugs may vary worldwide.
Which statement by the woman indicates that she does not understand the teaching provided about postmastectomy breast reconstruction home care?
- A. I will avoid trauma to my breasts.
- B. I will need to wear a tight bra immediately.
- C. I have to empty my drains every 8 hours.
- D. I must notify the doctor if I notice any skin ulceration or changes in breast color such as redness.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because wearing a tight bra immediately after postmastectomy breast reconstruction is not recommended as it can restrict blood flow and cause discomfort. A is correct because avoiding trauma is important. C is correct because draining is necessary. D is correct because skin changes should be reported.
A nurse is teaching a community health class of women and explains that an STI is associated with an increased risk of infertility in women. Which STIs should the nurse identify?
- A. HSV-2
- B. Syphilis
- C. Chlamydia
- D. HPV
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chlamydia. Chlamydia is associated with an increased risk of infertility in women due to its ability to cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which can lead to scarring and damage to the reproductive organs. This scarring can result in blocked fallopian tubes, making it difficult for an egg to be fertilized by sperm. HSV-2 (Choice A) is a viral infection that primarily causes genital herpes but is not directly linked to infertility. Syphilis (Choice B) can lead to serious complications but infertility is not a common outcome. HPV (Choice D) is a sexually transmitted infection that can cause genital warts and cervical cancer, but it does not typically lead to infertility in women.
For HIV treatment, the pregnant woman should be expected to receive:
- A. Antibiotics
- B. Protease analogues
- C. Zidovudine
- D. Acyclovir
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Zidovudine (AZT) is recommended for HIV-infected pregnant women to reduce the risk of vertical transmission to the baby.
2. It inhibits viral replication and decreases viral load in the mother, reducing transmission to the fetus.
3. Antibiotics are not effective for HIV treatment. Protease analogues are not typically used in pregnancy due to safety concerns. Acyclovir is used for herpes simplex virus, not HIV.