Nokea
How does HPV manifest in HIV-positive clients?
- A. Cough
- B. Condylomata lata
- C. Condylomata
- D. Chancre
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Condylomata. HPV manifests in HIV-positive clients through the development of genital warts known as condylomata acuminata. This is a common manifestation due to the weakened immune system in HIV-positive individuals. Condylomata lata (choice B) is associated with syphilis, not HPV. Cough (choice A) is not a typical manifestation of HPV in HIV-positive clients. Chancre (choice D) is a primary lesion seen in syphilis, not HPV.
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A pregnant woman at 30 weeks gestation discovers she is HPV positive at her prenatal visit. Upon examination, her provider detects genital warts. Which treatment is not recommended in this case?
- A. Carbon dioxide laser surgery
- B. Electrocautery
- C. Surgical excision
- D. Podophyllin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Podophyllin. It is contraindicated in pregnancy due to its potential teratogenic effects. Carbon dioxide laser surgery, electrocautery, and surgical excision can be considered safer options for treating genital warts during pregnancy. Podophyllin should be avoided to prevent harm to the developing fetus.
The nurse has completed instructions on ways to improve the client’s symptoms related to her rectocele. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further education?
- A. Weight loss will decrease pressure on the pelvic floor.
- B. Increasing fiber and water in my diet will help prevent constipation.
- C. Heavy lifting will not affect my rectocele.
- D. Kegel exercises will help with pelvic floor strength.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because heavy lifting can worsen rectocele symptoms by putting strain on the pelvic floor muscles. A is correct because weight loss reduces pressure. B is correct because fiber and water prevent constipation. D is correct because Kegel exercises strengthen the pelvic floor.
When performing a breast assessment, the nurse is inspecting the woman’s skin for which of the following? Select all that apply.
- A. Color
- B. Thickening
- C. Size and symmetry
- D. Venous pattern
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Color. When performing a breast assessment, inspecting the skin color is important to assess for any signs of redness, bruising, or discoloration which could indicate underlying issues. Thickening (B) is assessed through palpation, not inspection. Size and symmetry (C) is evaluated by comparing the breasts visually and through measurement. Venous pattern (D) is not typically a primary focus of skin inspection during a breast assessment.
The correct injection technique for infants of mothers who are known carriers of hepatitis B virus is to:
- A. Avoid all intramuscular injections until 1 month of age
- B. Dilute intramuscular injections with added normal saline
- C. Mix all injections that the infant will need in a single syringe
- D. Bathe the area where the infant will receive injections
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because infants born to mothers who are known carriers of hepatitis B virus should receive the hepatitis B vaccine within 12 hours of birth. Delaying intramuscular injections until 1 month of age increases the risk of vertical transmission of the virus. Choice B is incorrect because diluting injections with normal saline is unnecessary and may compromise the effectiveness of the vaccine. Choice C is incorrect as mixing all injections in a single syringe can lead to contamination and inaccurate dosing. Choice D is incorrect as bathing the injection site does not prevent vertical transmission of the virus.
A client comes to a community clinic after being informed by a sexual partner of possible recent exposure to syphilis. The nurse will examine the client for which clinical manifestation of syphilis in the primary stage?
- A. Chancre
- B. Copper-colored rash involving the trunk and extremities
- C. Flulike symptoms
- D. Condyloma lata
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Chancre. In the primary stage of syphilis, a painless, firm, and non-itchy sore called a chancre appears at the site of infection. This sore can develop within 3 weeks of exposure to the bacteria. It is important for the nurse to examine the client for chancres as they are a hallmark sign of primary syphilis.
B: A copper-colored rash involving the trunk and extremities is seen in the secondary stage of syphilis, not the primary stage.
C: Flulike symptoms may occur in the primary stage but are not specific to syphilis.
D: Condyloma lata are wart-like growths seen in secondary syphilis, not the primary stage.
Therefore, the presence of a chancre is the key clinical manifestation to identify in the primary stage of syphilis.