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Which of the following is a characteristic of a well-written goal?
- A. Goals should be vague
- B. Goals should be unrealistic
- C. Goals need to be measurable, realistic, and achievable
- D. Goals should be easy to achieve
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because well-written goals need to be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART). Measurable goals allow for tracking progress, realistic goals are attainable, and achievable goals are within reach. Vague goals (A) lack clarity, unrealistic goals (B) may lead to frustration, and goals that are too easy to achieve (D) do not challenge individuals to grow and improve. Therefore, option C is the best choice for a well-written goal.
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A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a female client who has hypovolemia. Which of the following laboratory results would be a priority for the nurse to report to the provider?
- A. BUN 21 mg/dL (10 to 20 mg/dL)
- B. Potassium 5.8 mEq/L (3.5 to 5 mEq/L)
- C. Creatinine 1.4 mg/dL (0.5 to 1.1 mg/dL)
- D. Sodium 132 mEq/L (136 to 145 mEq/L)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Potassium 5.8 mEq/L. In hypovolemia, there is a decrease in blood volume leading to electrolyte imbalances. Potassium levels outside the normal range can be life-threatening, causing cardiac arrhythmias. Therefore, a potassium level of 5.8 mEq/L is a priority to report to the provider for prompt intervention.
Rationale for why the other choices are incorrect:
A: BUN within the normal range. It may indicate dehydration but not immediately life-threatening.
C: Creatinine slightly elevated, indicating kidney function impairment but not as critical as potassium imbalance.
D: Sodium within acceptable range, not an immediate concern in hypovolemia.
What is the primary goal of patient education?
- A. To enhance clinical skills
- B. To ensure patient safety
- C. To empower patients to take control of their health
- D. To improve patient compliance
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary goal of patient education is to empower patients to take control of their health. This helps them make informed decisions, manage their conditions effectively, and improve their overall well-being. By educating patients, healthcare providers enable them to actively participate in their own care, leading to better health outcomes.
Choice A (To enhance clinical skills) is incorrect as patient education focuses on empowering patients rather than improving the skills of healthcare providers.
Choice B (To ensure patient safety) is also incorrect as while patient education contributes to patient safety, the primary goal is to empower patients to manage their health.
Choice D (To improve patient compliance) is not the primary goal of patient education, although improved compliance may be an outcome of patient empowerment.
A Manager decides that setting goals will assist her in better utilizing her time. Which of the following are true regarding goal setting in the Manager role?
- A. Goals need to be measurable, realistic, and achievable to be effective.
- B. Writing goals will increase the stress level of the Manager.
- C. Goals should be vague, so they are more likely to be met.
- D. Setting goals is a time waster in the Manager role.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Goals need to be measurable, realistic, and achievable to be effective. This is because measurable goals provide clarity on progress, realistic goals are attainable, and achievable goals boost motivation.
Incorrect answers:
B: Writing goals will increase the stress level of the Manager - This is incorrect as goal setting helps in organizing tasks and reducing stress.
C: Goals should be vague, so they are more likely to be met - Vague goals lack clarity and direction, making them less likely to be achieved.
D: Setting goals is a time waster in the Manager role - Setting goals helps in prioritizing tasks and improving efficiency, making it a valuable time management tool.
Which of the following is a key aspect of transformational leadership?
- A. Maintaining the status quo
- B. Encouraging innovation
- C. Focus on short-term goals
- D. Top-down communication
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Encouraging innovation. Transformational leadership involves inspiring and motivating followers to think creatively, embrace change, and strive for continuous improvement. By encouraging innovation, transformational leaders empower their team to challenge the status quo, adapt to new situations, and drive growth and success. This approach fosters a culture of creativity and openness to new ideas, leading to organizational transformation and long-term success.
Now, let's analyze why the other choices are incorrect:
A: Maintaining the status quo goes against the essence of transformational leadership, which is about driving change and growth.
C: Focus on short-term goals is more aligned with transactional leadership, where the emphasis is on achieving immediate results rather than long-term vision and innovation.
D: Top-down communication is characteristic of traditional, hierarchical leadership styles, whereas transformational leadership emphasizes open and collaborative communication to inspire and engage followers.
The manager of a medical-surgical unit is very task-motivated. Using Fiedler's Contingency Theory, under what circumstances would the manager be most effective?
- A. Only during highly stressful situations.
- B. When there is little to no stress.
- C. Under highly structured situations.
- D. When the situation is loosely structured.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: According to Fiedler's Contingency Theory, task-motivated leaders are most effective in highly structured situations. This is because in such environments, the leader can focus on task accomplishment and clearly defined goals without needing to rely heavily on interpersonal relationships. In contrast, in loosely structured situations, task-motivated leaders may struggle as the lack of clear direction and ambiguity can hinder their task-oriented approach. Therefore, the correct answer is C. Choices A and B are incorrect as they focus on stress levels, which are not directly related to the effectiveness of task-motivated leaders. Choice D is incorrect because loosely structured situations are not ideal for task-motivated leaders according to Fiedler's theory.