Nokea
A pregnant patient who abuses cocaine admits to exchanging sex for her drug habit. This behavior puts her at a greater risk for
- A. postmature birth.
- B. sexually transmitted diseases.
- C. hypotension and vasodilation.
- D. depression of the central nervous system.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: sexually transmitted diseases. Exchanging sex for drugs increases the risk of acquiring STDs due to engaging in unprotected sex with multiple partners. This behavior exposes the patient to infections such as HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea, and others. STDs can have serious consequences for both the pregnant patient and the fetus, including transmission of infections during childbirth or pregnancy complications.
A: postmature birth is incorrect as it is not directly related to the behavior described.
C: hypotension and vasodilation are potential effects of cocaine abuse, but not directly related to the increased risk of STDs in this scenario.
D: depression of the central nervous system is a potential effect of cocaine abuse but is not the primary concern in this situation.
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A nurse is teaching the parents of a newborn how to care for their child's uncircumcised penis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Retract the foreskin until you feel resistance.
- B. Use a cotton swab to clean under the foreskin.
- C. Apply petroleum jelly to the foreskin.
- D. Wash the penis once per day with soup and water.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because washing the penis once per day with soap and water is the appropriate way to care for an uncircumcised penis. This helps maintain good hygiene and prevents infections. Retracting the foreskin forcefully (Choice A) can cause injury and should not be done until the child is older. Using a cotton swab (Choice B) can leave fibers behind and may cause irritation. Applying petroleum jelly (Choice C) is unnecessary and can increase the risk of infections. Therefore, washing the penis with soap and water daily is the most effective and safe method for caring for an uncircumcised penis.
The nurse is assessing a client in labor and notes persistent late decelerations on the monitor. What is the priority action?
- A. Reposition the client to her left side.
- B. Administer oxygen via face mask.
- C. Increase IV fluids.
- D. Notify the healthcare provider.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Reposition the client to her left side. This is the priority action because late decelerations indicate uteroplacental insufficiency, possibly due to compression of the umbilical cord. Repositioning the client to her left side can help improve blood flow to the placenta by reducing pressure on the vena cava, thus optimizing fetal oxygenation. Administering oxygen (B) is important but not the immediate priority. Increasing IV fluids (C) may not directly address the cause of late decelerations. Notifying the healthcare provider (D) is important but should come after immediate interventions.
A nurse in labor and delivery is caring for a client. Following delivery of the placenta, the nurse examines the umbilical cord. Which of the following vessels should the nurse expect to observe in the umbilical cord?
- A. Two veins and one artery
- B. One artery and one vein
- C. Two arteries and one veins
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Two arteries and one vein. The umbilical cord typically contains two arteries (carrying deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta) and one vein (carrying oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus). This is known as the "AVA" pattern. This configuration is essential for fetal circulation and oxygenation. Option A is incorrect as it has two veins and one artery, which is not the norm. Option B is also incorrect as it has one artery and one vein, missing one artery. Option D is incomplete, so it is also incorrect. Ultimately, the presence of two arteries and one vein in the umbilical cord is the correct and expected vascular arrangement for fetal circulation.
The nurse is educating an adolescent patient about Depo-Provera. Which statement should be included in this teaching session?
- A. You only need to come in every 5 months to get each injection.
- B. You may lose weight on this medication, so make sure to maintain a well-balanced diet.
- C. You may experience heavy bleeding or spotting monthly or none at all.
- D. You will not be able to start this medication until you have been pregnant at least once.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
1. Choice C is correct because it accurately informs the adolescent about the potential side effects of Depo-Provera, which include irregular bleeding patterns such as heavy bleeding or spotting, or even the absence of periods.
2. This information is crucial for the patient's understanding and preparedness while using the medication.
3. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because:
- Choice A is inaccurate as Depo-Provera injections are typically required every 3 months, not 5 months.
- Choice B is irrelevant to Depo-Provera as weight changes are not a common side effect of this medication.
- Choice D is false as pregnancy history does not determine eligibility for Depo-Provera use.
The nurse is preparing a client for cesarean delivery. What is the priority nursing action before surgery?
- A. Obtain baseline vital signs.
- B. Insert an indwelling urinary catheter.
- C. Administer prophylactic antibiotics.
- D. Verify signed informed consent.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, verifying signed informed consent. This is the priority because it ensures the client's understanding and agreement to the procedure, respecting their autonomy. Obtaining baseline vital signs (A) is important but not the priority before surgery. Inserting a urinary catheter (B) may be needed but is not the priority over informed consent. Administering antibiotics (C) is important for preventing infection but should not take precedence over confirming the client's informed consent.