Nokea
A pregnant woman and her husband are both heterozygous for achondroplastic dwarfism, an autosomal dominant disease. The nurse advises the couple that their unborn child has which of the following probabilities of being of normal stature?
- A. 25% probability.
- B. 50% probability.
- C. 75% probability.
- D. 100% probability.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: With both parents heterozygous, there is a 75% chance the child will be of normal stature (not affected).
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A nurse is discussing the benefits of a single embryo transfer (SET) in IVF. What should the nurse emphasize?
- A. SET guarantees a successful pregnancy with one attempt.
- B. SET reduces the risk of multiple pregnancies and associated complications.
- C. SET eliminates the need for ovarian stimulation in future cycles.
- D. SET improves egg quality for future cycles.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: SET reduces the risk of multiple pregnancies and associated complications. This is because transferring a single embryo in IVF lowers the chances of multiple gestations, which can lead to higher risks for both the mother and the babies. This choice emphasizes the importance of safety and health benefits for both the mother and potential offspring.
Choice A is incorrect as there is no guarantee of a successful pregnancy with one attempt. Choice C is incorrect as ovarian stimulation may still be needed in future cycles even with SET. Choice D is incorrect as SET does not directly improve egg quality for future cycles.
A 4-month-old infant has been diagnosed with a rare genetic disease called neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID). This disease occurs through an autosomal-dominant inheritance pattern. The parents ask the nurse, 'Which of us passed this disease on to our child?' Which of the following is the nurse's best response?
- A. Only the female carries the gene.
- B. Only the father carries the gene.
- C. Either the mother or the father can carry the gene.
- D. Both the mother and the father have to be carriers.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Either the mother or the father can carry the gene. In an autosomal-dominant inheritance pattern, only one copy of the mutated gene is needed to express the disease. This means that either parent can pass on the disease gene to the child. Therefore, it is not necessary for both parents to be carriers for the child to inherit the disease. Choices A and B are incorrect because autosomal-dominant diseases do not depend on the gender of the parent carrying the gene. Choice D is incorrect as it implies that both parents must be carriers, which is not a requirement for autosomal-dominant inheritance.
A nurse is educating a group about male infertility. What factor is most likely to affect sperm quality?
- A. Frequent exercise
- B. Use of mobile phones
- C. Exposure to high temperatures
- D. Dietary habits
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, exposure to high temperatures. Sperm quality can be significantly affected by high temperatures as heat can damage sperm production. Elevated scrotal temperatures can impair sperm production and motility. Frequent exercise (choice A) is generally beneficial for overall health, including reproductive function. The use of mobile phones (choice B) has not been definitively linked to male infertility. Dietary habits (choice D) can influence overall health but are not as directly linked to sperm quality as exposure to high temperatures.
A patient asks why folic acid is recommended before conception. What should the nurse explain?
- A. It improves egg quality for fertilization.
- B. It prevents neural tube defects in the developing fetus.
- C. It reduces the risk of multiple pregnancies.
- D. It enhances hormone levels during ovulation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because folic acid is known to prevent neural tube defects like spina bifida in the developing fetus. This is crucial in the early stages of pregnancy when the neural tube is forming. Other choices are incorrect because folic acid does not directly impact egg quality, the risk of multiple pregnancies, or hormone levels during ovulation. Overall, the primary rationale for recommending folic acid before conception is to ensure the proper development of the baby's neural tube.
The genetic counselor informs a couple that they have a 25% probability of getting pregnant with a child with a severe genetic disease. The couple asks the nurse exactly what that means. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate?
- A. Their first child will have the genetic disease.
- B. If they have four children
- C. one of the children will have the disease.
- D. Their fourth child will have the genetic disease.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A 25% probability applies independently to each pregnancy.