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A nurse is discussing fertility preservation options with a patient undergoing cancer treatment. What should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Cryopreservation of eggs or embryos is an effective option before starting treatment.
- B. Fertility preservation is only possible after cancer treatment is completed.
- C. Fertility preservation guarantees future pregnancy success.
- D. Only sperm banking is available as a preservation method.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cryopreservation of eggs or embryos is an effective option before starting treatment. This is because fertility preservation should ideally be done before cancer treatment to maximize the chances of success. Freezing eggs or embryos before treatment can help preserve fertility potential.
B: Fertility preservation after cancer treatment may not be as successful due to the potential damage caused by the treatment.
C: Fertility preservation does not guarantee future pregnancy success as it depends on various factors including the patient's age and overall health.
D: Sperm banking is not the only available preservation method. Egg or embryo cryopreservation is also an option for female patients.
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At ovulation, the basal body temperature usually:
- A. Rises abruptly and then falls 1 or 2 days after menstruation starts.
- B. Falls and remains low for the last half of the cycle.
- C. Is higher during the first half of the cycle than in the last half.
- D. Falls just before ovulation and is higher during the last half.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Basal body temperature usually rises abruptly at ovulation and then falls 1 or 2 days after menstruation starts. This rise indicates the release of an egg and the shift from the follicular phase to the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.
A 25-year-old woman, G0 P0000, enters the infertility clinic stating that she has just learned she is positive for the BRCA1 and the BRCA2 genes. She asks the nurse what her options are for getting pregnant and breastfeeding her baby. The nurse should base her reply on which of the following?
- A. Fertility of women who carry the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes is similar to that of unaffected women.
- B. Women with these genes should be advised not to have children because the children could inherit the defective genes.
- C. Women with these genes should have their ovaries removed as soon as possible to prevent ovarian cancer.
- D. Lactation is contraindicated for women who carry the BRCA1 and BRCA 2 genes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: BRCA1/2 status does not directly affect fertility or breastfeeding.
What is the role of a saline sonohysterogram in evaluating infertility?
- A. To visualize the uterine cavity and detect abnormalities.
- B. To measure hormone levels in the bloodstream.
- C. To assess ovarian reserve directly.
- D. To monitor embryo development after IVF.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a saline sonohysterogram is specifically used to visualize the uterine cavity and detect abnormalities such as polyps, fibroids, or adhesions that may be causing infertility. It helps identify structural issues that may interfere with implantation or pregnancy.
Choice B is incorrect because a saline sonohysterogram does not measure hormone levels in the bloodstream. Choice C is also incorrect as it does not directly assess ovarian reserve, which is typically evaluated through blood tests like AMH and FSH levels. Choice D is incorrect as a saline sonohysterogram is not used to monitor embryo development after IVF, but rather to assess the uterine cavity before the procedure.
Lori, who is 32 years old, is taking clomiphene citrate to induce ovulation and presents to the office for a vaginal ultrasound. Lori mentions experiencing abdominal bloating, nausea, and weight gain of 5 pounds over the past 12 hours. What condition do these symptoms indicate?
- A. Ovulation
- B. Premenstrual syndrome
- C. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
- D. Failed ovulation induction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Lori is taking clomiphene citrate which can lead to ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS).
2. Symptoms like abdominal bloating, weight gain, and nausea are characteristic of OHSS.
3. OHSS typically occurs after ovulation induction medications like clomiphene citrate.
4. Therefore, Lori's symptoms indicate ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.
Summary:
A. Ovulation is incorrect as the symptoms suggest a complication of ovulation induction, not ovulation itself.
B. Premenstrual syndrome does not explain the acute symptoms and weight gain.
D. Failed ovulation induction is incorrect as the symptoms are not indicative of failed ovulation but rather an adverse reaction to the medication.
A patient asks why folic acid is recommended before conception. What should the nurse explain?
- A. It improves egg quality for fertilization.
- B. It prevents neural tube defects in the developing fetus.
- C. It reduces the risk of multiple pregnancies.
- D. It enhances hormone levels during ovulation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because folic acid is known to prevent neural tube defects like spina bifida in the developing fetus. This is crucial in the early stages of pregnancy when the neural tube is forming. Other choices are incorrect because folic acid does not directly impact egg quality, the risk of multiple pregnancies, or hormone levels during ovulation. Overall, the primary rationale for recommending folic acid before conception is to ensure the proper development of the baby's neural tube.