Nokea
A pregnant woman must have a glucose challenge test (GCT). Which of the following should be included in the preprocedure teaching?
- A. Fast for 12 hours before the test.
- B. Bring a urine specimen to the laboratory on the day of the test.
- C. Be prepared to have 4 blood specimens taken on the day of the test.
- D. The test should take one hour to complete.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The glucose challenge test typically takes one hour to complete and does not require fasting or multiple blood specimens. A urine specimen is not required for this test.
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A nurse is caring for a postpartum person who is at risk for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). What is the most important intervention to prevent DVT?
- A. administer anticoagulants
- B. administer IV fluids
- C. perform leg exercises
- D. ensure early ambulation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: administer IV fluids. IV fluids help maintain adequate hydration which prevents blood from becoming too thick and reduces the risk of clot formation. Adequate hydration also promotes blood circulation, decreasing the risk of DVT. Administering anticoagulants (choice A) is important in managing DVT but is not the most important preventive intervention. Performing leg exercises (choice C) and ensuring early ambulation (choice D) are also beneficial in preventing DVT, but maintaining hydration with IV fluids is the most crucial intervention as it directly addresses the primary factor contributing to DVT formation.
Which of the following skin changes should the nurse highlight for a pregnant woman’s health care practitioner?
- A. Linea nigra.
- B. Melasma.
- C. Petechiae.
- D. Spider nevi.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Petechiae (small hemorrhages under the skin) could indicate underlying medical conditions such as thrombocytopenia or coagulopathy, warranting further investigation. Linea nigra and melasma are common benign changes, while spider nevi are usually harmless but less urgent.
Which vitamin should be avoided in excess during pregnancy?
- A. Vitamin C
- B. Vitamin D
- C. Vitamin B2 (niacin)
- D. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin D in excess can lead to hypercalcemia, which may harm the fetus. Other vitamins listed are generally safe when consumed in recommended amounts.
Which hormone is responsible for converting the endometrium into decidual cells for implantation?
- A. Estrogen
- B. Human chorionic gonadotropin
- C. Human placental lactogen
- D. Progesterone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: At high levels, progesterone maintains the endometrial lining for implantation of the zygote.
A nurse is caring for a pregnant patient who is at 26 weeks gestation and reports a sudden decrease in fetal movement. Which action should the nurse take first?
- A. Encourage the patient to drink a sugary beverage and count fetal movements.
- B. Monitor the patient's blood pressure and assess for any signs of hypertension.
- C. Perform a nonstress test to assess fetal well-being.
- D. Call the healthcare provider immediately to report the decrease in fetal movement.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Encourage the patient to drink a sugary beverage and count fetal movements. This action is appropriate as decreased fetal movement can indicate fetal distress, and the sugary beverage can stimulate the baby to move. If the baby responds with increased movements, it indicates a reassuring fetal status. If there is no improvement, further evaluation can be pursued.
Incorrect choices:
B: Monitoring blood pressure is not the priority in this situation as the main concern is fetal movement.
C: Performing a nonstress test is not the first action to take as it requires time and resources, which may delay immediate intervention.
D: While eventually contacting the healthcare provider is important, the immediate action should be to assess fetal well-being by encouraging fetal movements.