Nokea
A premature infant has been admitted to the NICU for both respiratory and nutritional support. When should the nurse begin discharge teaching to the family?
- A. after the infant has met goals of a mature breathing pattern and their percentile on the growth chart
- B. as the infant is extubated and transitioned to nasal cannula
- C. when the family shows interest in caring for their neonate independently
- D. as early as possible and throughout the admission
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Early and continuous discharge teaching ensures family readiness.
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A maculopapular rash with a red base and a small white papule in the center is commonly known as
- A. milia.
- B. Mongolian spots.
- C. erythema toxicum.
- D. CafÃ-au-lait spots.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: erythema toxicum. This rash is characterized by red macules with small white papules in the center. Erythema toxicum is a common benign rash in newborns, usually appearing in the first few days of life. Milia (A) are tiny white bumps on the skin, Mongolian spots (B) are blue-gray birthmarks, and Café-au-lait spots (D) are flat, light brown spots. In this case, the description of a maculopapular rash with a red base and a small white papule matches the characteristics of erythema toxicum, making it the correct choice.
Which method is correct for obtaining a blood glucose reading on a newborn?
- A. Placing a tourniquet on the newborn's wrist and obtaining a blood sample from a venipuncture to be sent to the laboratory.
- B. Warming the hand and obtaining a sample from the thumb.
- C. Warm the foot, clean it with an alcohol pad, and puncture the side of the heel.
- D. Elevate the foot and obtain a blood sample from the heel.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct method is C because newborns have delicate blood vessels in their feet, making it easier to obtain a blood sample. Step-by-step rationale: 1. Warm the foot to increase blood flow. 2. Clean with an alcohol pad to prevent infection. 3. Puncture the side of the heel as it has a good blood supply and less painful. Other choices are incorrect: A is invasive and not suitable for newborns. B is not recommended as thumb samples may be inaccurate. D does not specify the heel's side, which is crucial for newborns' safety.
Blood flow connection between the systemic, aorta, pulmonary blood flow, and pulmonary artery is which fetal shunt?
- A. ductus venosus
- B. foramen ovale
- C. ductus arteriosus
- D. foramen venosus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: ductus arteriosus. During fetal circulation, the ductus arteriosus allows blood to bypass the lungs by connecting the pulmonary artery to the aorta. This shunt is crucial for directing blood from the right side of the heart to the systemic circulation. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: The ductus venosus shunts blood from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver.
B: The foramen ovale allows blood to pass directly from the right atrium to the left atrium, bypassing the lungs.
D: There is no structure known as foramen venosus in fetal circulation.
When traveling in a car, where are infants the safest?
- A. in an approved safety seat secured properly, either rear or forward facing
- B. in a child safety-approved car seat that they can grow into, with pillow supports for their head
- C. in an infant car seat, safely secured, in the car’s front or rear seat
- D. in a rear-facing, safety-approved infant car seat, located in the middle of the back seat of the car
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rear-facing car seats in the back seat center provide maximum safety.
Vitamin K is given to the newborn to:
- A. reduce bilirubin levels.
- B. increase the production of red blood cells.
- C. enhance ability of blood to clot
- D. stimulate the formation of surfactant
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of clotting factors, thus enhancing the blood's ability to clot and preventing hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.