Nokea
The nurse notices that a 6-hour-old newborn patient's urethral opening is on the dorsal side of the penis. The nurse knows that this is called what?
- A. hypospadias
- B. epispadias
- C. phimosis
- D. unispadias
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: epispadias. In epispadias, the urethral opening is located on the dorsal side of the penis. This condition is a congenital anomaly where the urethra fails to fully close during fetal development. Hypospadias (choice A) is when the urethral opening is on the underside of the penis. Phimosis (choice C) is the inability to retract the foreskin. Unispadias (choice D) is not a recognized medical term. Therefore, the nurse correctly identifies the condition as epispadias due to the specific presentation of the urethral opening on the dorsal side of the penis in the 6-hour-old newborn patient.
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What does the nursing process describe?
- A. what nurses do
- B. how nurses think
- C. where nurses provide care
- D. who nurses care for
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nursing process outlines the systematic approach to providing patient care, focusing on what nurses do—assess, diagnose, plan, implement, and evaluate.
The nurse provides education on care after a first trimester loss. What is an example of communication with a patient that demonstrates effective aftercare education?
- A. You will need to follow up with us in several weeks. We want to make sure you are doing well.
- B. You should call us if you are bleeding and soaking 4 maxi pads in a day.
- C. Your period will return in 2 weeks.
- D. You should wait 2 months before having intercourse.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Follow-up care ensures the patient's physical and emotional well-being.
Which behaviors should be alarming to the newborn nursery nurse and reported to the practitioner for further assessment?
- A. The newborn's upper and lower extremities are flexed, bringing the arms toward the face.
- B. A newborn actively moves more on one side of the body.
- C. The newborn cries while being bathed.
- D. The newborn passes a sticky, thick greenish black stool.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because active movement on one side of the body can indicate a neurological issue that needs further assessment. This asymmetrical movement could suggest a potential problem with the baby's motor function or nerve development.
Choice A is a normal behavior known as the "Moro reflex" where the arms are flexed towards the face in response to a startle. Choice C is also a normal behavior as babies often cry during baths due to being exposed to a new sensation. Choice D describes meconium, which is a normal stool for newborns in the first few days of life.
What condition can result from a long, difficult labor and is characterized by a localized, soft area on the newborn’s head?
- A. caput succedaneum
- B. molding
- C. depressed fontanelles
- D. cephalohematoma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Caput succedaneum refers to swelling of the soft tissues of the scalp due to prolonged pressure during labor.
Which technique should the nurse recommend to the postpartum patient in order to prevent nipple trauma?
- A. Assess the nipples before each feeding.
- B. Limit the feeding time to less than 5 minutes.
- C. Wash the nipples daily with mild soap and water.
- D. Position the infant so the nipple is far back in the mouth.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Position the infant so the nipple is far back in the mouth. This technique helps prevent nipple trauma by ensuring that the baby latches onto the breast correctly, with a deep latch that prevents excessive pressure and friction on the nipple. By positioning the nipple far back in the baby's mouth, the baby can effectively suckle and draw milk without causing damage to the nipple.
Choice A is incorrect because simply assessing the nipples before each feeding does not actively prevent trauma. Choice B is incorrect as limiting feeding time to less than 5 minutes can lead to inadequate milk transfer and potential nipple trauma due to improper latch. Choice C is incorrect as washing the nipples daily with soap and water can actually strip the skin of natural oils and increase the risk of dryness and cracking, leading to trauma.