Nokea
Which diagnosis is most appropriate for a newborn who has not voided within 24 hours after delivery?
- A. Hypovolemia related to insufficient fluid intake
- B. Altered growth and development related to gestational age of 36 weeks
- C. Altered nutrition, less than body requirements related to failure to properly latch onto the breast
- D. Constipation related to failure to pass a meconium stool and possible bowel obstruction
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypovolemia related to insufficient fluid intake. In a newborn, the inability to void within 24 hours after birth can indicate dehydration and hypovolemia due to insufficient fluid intake. Newborns need to pass urine within the first 24 hours of life to show adequate hydration. Altered growth and development (choice B) is not relevant to the immediate concern of no voiding. Altered nutrition (choice C) is unlikely to cause the absence of urine output. Constipation (choice D) is less likely in a newborn and is not the primary concern when a newborn fails to void.
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The nurse notices that a 6-hour-old newborn patient's urethral opening is on the dorsal side of the penis. The nurse knows that this is called what?
- A. hypospadias
- B. epispadias
- C. phimosis
- D. unispadias
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: epispadias. In epispadias, the urethral opening is located on the dorsal side of the penis. This condition is a congenital anomaly where the urethra fails to fully close during fetal development. Hypospadias (choice A) is when the urethral opening is on the underside of the penis. Phimosis (choice C) is the inability to retract the foreskin. Unispadias (choice D) is not a recognized medical term. Therefore, the nurse correctly identifies the condition as epispadias due to the specific presentation of the urethral opening on the dorsal side of the penis in the 6-hour-old newborn patient.
Parents of a newborn are asking the nurse why their baby has to have a shot. Which is the nurse's best response?
- A. We are trying to prevent any risk of infection in the eyes that could lead to blindness.'
- B. The umbilical cord is a site for infection. This shot will prevent illness.'
- C. Hospital policy states that all babies must receive a shot after delivery.'
- D. Clotting problems can occur in infants because they don't receive food right away.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Clotting problems can occur in infants because they don't receive food right away. This is the best response as it explains the importance of the shot in preventing clotting issues due to delayed feeding. Infants are at risk of developing clotting problems since they don't receive food immediately after birth.
Incorrect choices:
A: Incorrect because the shot is not primarily aimed at preventing eye infections.
B: Incorrect because the umbilical cord is not the main concern for the shot.
C: Incorrect because hospital policy is not the reason for administering the shot.
In summary, choice D is correct as it addresses a critical issue related to infant health, while the other choices do not focus on the primary reason for the shot administration.
When teaching umbilical cord care to a new parent, the nurse would include which information?
- A. Apply peroxide to the cord with each diaper change.
- B. Cover the cord with petroleum jelly after bathing.
- C. Keep the cord dry and open to air.
- D. Wash the cord with soap and water each day during a tub bath.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Keeping the cord dry and exposed to air promotes healing.
The nurse recommends skin-to-skin contact immediately following the birth of a newborn because it reduces what type of heat loss?
- A. radiation
- B. convection
- C. conduction
- D. evaporation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: evaporation. Skin-to-skin contact reduces evaporative heat loss by preventing the newborn's skin from losing heat through evaporation of amniotic fluid. This is effective in helping the baby maintain a stable body temperature. Radiation (A), convection (B), and conduction (C) are other types of heat loss that are not specifically addressed by skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth.
When traveling in a car, where are infants the safest?
- A. in an approved safety seat secured properly, either rear or forward facing
- B. in a child safety-approved car seat that they can grow into, with pillow supports for their head
- C. in an infant car seat, safely secured, in the car’s front or rear seat
- D. in a rear-facing, safety-approved infant car seat, located in the middle of the back seat of the car
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rear-facing car seats in the back seat center provide maximum safety.