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A psychiatric-mental health nurse is implementing evidence-based practice. The nurse understands that this approach is developed by doing which of the following first?
- A. Conducting research
- B. Identifying a clinical question
- C. Determining outcomes
- D. Collaborating with the patient
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Evidence-based practice begins with identifying a clinical question, often using the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) framework, to guide the search for and application of evidence to improve patient care.
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A psychiatric-mental health nurse is asked to be a guest speaker at a community fund-raising event for mental health services. Which of the following would the nurse emphasize as the primary goal of mental health services?
- A. Access to affordable mental health care
- B. Removal of exclusions because of preexisting conditions
- C. Recovery from mental illness
- D. Effective treatment for mental health care needs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary goal of mental health services, as emphasized in modern mental health policy (e.g., New Freedom Commission on Mental Health), is recovery from mental illness, focusing on enabling individuals to live fulfilling lives despite mental health challenges.
The following are important legislative and policy efforts influencing current mental health care. Which of the following is the most recent?
- A. Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General
- B. New Freedom Commission on Mental Health
- C. Action for Mental Health
- D. Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The New Freedom Commission on Mental Health (2003) is the most recent, followed by *Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General* (1999), *Action for Mental Health* (1961), and the *Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act* (1963).
A nursing instructor is preparing a presentation about key events and people that influenced the development of contemporary mental health and illness care. When describing the effects of World War II, which of the following would the instructor include?
- A. People began to view mental illness as more commonplace and acceptable.
- B. The biologic understanding of mental illness was almost fully developed.
- C. Deinstitutionalization occurred in response to the community health movement.
- D. Mental illnesses became categorized as psychoses or neuroses.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: World War II increased awareness of mental health issues due to the high incidence of psychiatric casualties among soldiers, leading to a broader societal view of mental illness as more commonplace and acceptable, reducing stigma and prompting improvements in care.
When reviewing the evolution of mental health and illness care, which event is associated with mental disorders beginning to be viewed as illnesses requiring treatment?
- A. Establishment of Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia
- B. Quaker establishment of asylums
- C. Creation of the state hospital system
- D. Freud?s views on the causes of mental illnesses
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The establishment of Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia (1751) included a section for the mentally ill, marking one of the earliest instances in the U.S. where mental disorders were recognized as illnesses requiring treatment, rather than mere social deviance.
The following events are important in the development of psychiatric-mental health nursing practice. Which event occurred first?
- A. Publication of Standards of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing by the ANA
- B. Publication of Standards of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing Practice
- C. Establishment of the first graduate program in psychiatric nursing at Rutgers University
- D. Publication of the first psychiatric nursing text, Nursing Mental Disease, by Harriet Bailey
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Harriet Bailey?s *Nursing Mental Disease* (1920) was the first psychiatric nursing text, predating the establishment of the first graduate program in psychiatric nursing at Rutgers University (1954), the ANA?s *Standards of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing* (1973), and the *Standards of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing Practice* (1985).