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A psychiatric-mental health nurse is implementing evidence-based practice. The nurse understands that this approach is developed by doing which of the following first?
- A. Conducting research
- B. Identifying a clinical question
- C. Determining outcomes
- D. Collaborating with the patient
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Evidence-based practice begins with identifying a clinical question, often using the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) framework, to guide the search for and application of evidence to improve patient care.
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When providing care to a patient, the psychiatric-mental health nurse is implementing the therapeutic use of self. The nurse is applying the concepts based on the work of which individual?
- A. Hildegarde Peplau
- B. Florence Nightingale
- C. Dorothea Dix
- D. Sigmund Freud
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hildegard Peplau?s work, particularly her book *Interpersonal Relations in Nursing* (1952), introduced the concept of the therapeutic use of self, emphasizing the nurse?s role in building therapeutic relationships with patients.
A nursing student is presenting a discussion of the history of psychiatric-mental health nursing and its place within nursing history. Which of the following would be most appropriate to include?
- A. Certification for the psychiatric-mental health nursing specialty was first emphasized by Mary Adelaide Nutting.
- B. Psychiatric nurses played a part in seeing that all deinstitutionalized patients got treatment at community mental health centers.
- C. There is a historical link between the first nursing program to admit male students and the first training school for psychiatric nursing.
- D. The first graduate program in psychiatric nurses was established in response to the publication of psychiatric nursing specialty journals.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Psychiatric nurses were instrumental in the deinstitutionalization movement, particularly following the 1960s, by ensuring that patients released from large institutions received treatment in community mental health centers, aligning with the shift toward community-based care.
A nursing instructor is describing the concept of evidence-based practice in psychiatric-mental health nursing. Which of the following would the instructor include as being important?
- A. Research findings
- B. Expert opinion
- C. Clinical experiences
- D. Patient data
- E. Established routines
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: Evidence-based practice in psychiatric-mental health nursing integrates research findings, expert opinion, clinical experiences, and patient data to inform care decisions. Established routines are not necessarily evidence-based and may not reflect current best practices.
When reviewing the evolution of mental health and illness care, which event is associated with mental disorders beginning to be viewed as illnesses requiring treatment?
- A. Establishment of Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia
- B. Quaker establishment of asylums
- C. Creation of the state hospital system
- D. Freud?s views on the causes of mental illnesses
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The establishment of Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia (1751) included a section for the mentally ill, marking one of the earliest instances in the U.S. where mental disorders were recognized as illnesses requiring treatment, rather than mere social deviance.
A group of nursing students are reviewing information about the evolution of mental health care and are discussing the recommendations of the final report of the Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Health. The students demonstrate understanding of this information when they identify that the report recommended an increase in which of the following?
- A. Numbers of mental health hospitals
- B. State funding for mental health care
- C. Clinics supplemented by general hospital units
- D. Use of psychotherapy by psychiatrists
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Health (1961) recommended increasing community-based mental health services, including clinics supplemented by general hospital units, to shift care from large state institutions to more accessible, community-oriented settings.