test bank foundations of nursing

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A public health nurse is teaching a health class for the male students at the local high school. The nurse is teaching the boys to perform monthly testicular self-examinations. What point would be appropriate to emphasize?

  • A. Testicular cancer is a highly curable type of cancer.
  • B. Testicular cancer is very difficult to diagnose.
  • C. Testicular cancer is the number one cause of cancer deaths in males.
  • D. Testicular cancer is more common in older men.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Testicular cancer is a highly curable type of cancer. This is the most appropriate point to emphasize because early detection through regular self-examinations can lead to early treatment and a high survival rate. Testicular cancer has a very high cure rate, especially when detected and treated early. Emphasizing this point encourages boys to perform monthly self-exams, leading to early detection and better outcomes.

Explanation of other choices:
B: Testicular cancer is very difficult to diagnose - This is incorrect because testicular cancer is actually one of the more easily detectable cancers through self-examinations.
C: Testicular cancer is the number one cause of cancer deaths in males - This is incorrect as testicular cancer is not the leading cause of cancer deaths in males.
D: Testicular cancer is more common in older men - This is incorrect as testicular cancer is more common in younger men, typically between the ages of 15 and 44.

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The clinic nurse is assessing a child who has been brought to the clinic with signs and symptoms that are suggestive of otitis externa. What assessment finding is characteristic of otitis externa?

  • A. Tophi on the pinna and ear lobe
  • B. Dark yellow cerumen in the external auditory canal
  • C. Pain on manipulation of the auricle
  • D. Air bubbles visible in the middle ear
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pain on manipulation of the auricle is characteristic of otitis externa. This is because otitis externa is an infection or inflammation of the outer ear canal, causing pain and tenderness when the ear is touched or manipulated.

A: Tophi on the pinna and ear lobe is characteristic of gout, not otitis externa.
B: Dark yellow cerumen in the external auditory canal is common and not specific to otitis externa.
D: Air bubbles visible in the middle ear are associated with otitis media, not otitis externa.

In summary, pain on manipulation of the auricle is a key assessment finding in otitis externa, distinguishing it from other ear conditions.

A nurse is caring for a pregnant patient with active herpes. The teaching plan for this patient should include which of the following?

  • A. Babies delivered vaginally may become infected with the virus.
  • B. Recommended treatment is excision of the herpes lesions.
  • C. Pain generally does not occur with a herpes outbreak during pregnancy.
  • D. Pregnancy may exacerbate the mothers symptoms, but poses no risk to the infant.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because babies can become infected with the herpes virus if delivered vaginally. During childbirth, the virus can be passed to the infant, leading to serious health complications. This information is crucial for the patient to understand in order to make informed decisions about delivery options.

Choice B is incorrect because excision of herpes lesions is not the recommended treatment during pregnancy. Treatment typically involves antiviral medications to manage symptoms and reduce the risk of transmission to the baby.

Choice C is incorrect because herpes outbreaks can indeed be painful during pregnancy due to hormonal changes and a weakened immune system. Pain management strategies should be discussed as part of the teaching plan.

Choice D is incorrect because pregnancy can pose a risk to the infant if the mother has active herpes. It is important to manage the condition appropriately to prevent transmission to the baby.

A patient has been diagnosed with hearing loss related to damage of the end organ for hearing or cranial nerve VIII. What term is used to describe this condition?

  • A. Exostoses
  • B. Otalgia
  • C. Sensorineural hearing loss
  • D. Presbycusis
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sensorineural hearing loss. This type of hearing loss is caused by damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve (cranial nerve VIII). Exostoses (A) are bony growths in the ear canal, not related to cranial nerve VIII. Otalgia (B) refers to ear pain, not hearing loss. Presbycusis (D) is age-related hearing loss, not specifically related to damage of the end organ for hearing or cranial nerve VIII. Therefore, C is the most appropriate term to describe the given condition.

The nurse in an allergy clinic is educating a new patient about the pathology of the patients health problem. What response should the nurse describe as a possible consequence of histamine release?

  • A. Constriction of small venules
  • B. Contraction of bronchial smooth muscle
  • C. Dilation of large blood vessels
  • D. Decreased secretions from gastric and mucosal cells
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Contraction of bronchial smooth muscle. Histamine release can lead to bronchoconstriction, which narrows the airways and causes difficulty in breathing. This is a common symptom in allergic reactions like asthma. Constriction of small venules (Choice A) is not a typical consequence of histamine release. Dilation of large blood vessels (Choice C) is more associated with histamine's role in increasing vascular permeability. Decreased secretions from gastric and mucosal cells (Choice D) is not directly related to histamine's effects on smooth muscle contraction.

A patient with preeclampsia is being treated with bed rest and intravenous magnesium sulfate. The drug classification of this medication is a

  • A. diuretic.
  • B. tocolytic.
  • C. anticonvulsant.
  • D. antihypertensive.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: anticonvulsant. Magnesium sulfate is used in the treatment of preeclampsia to prevent seizures, making it an anticonvulsant. It works by reducing neuromuscular excitability and stabilizing nerve cell membranes. Choice A (diuretic) is incorrect because magnesium sulfate does not primarily promote diuresis. Choice B (tocolytic) is incorrect as it does not inhibit uterine contractions. Choice D (antihypertensive) is incorrect because although magnesium sulfate can help lower blood pressure in preeclampsia, its primary indication in this case is for seizure prophylaxis.

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