Nokea
A rock has a mass of 3 grams (g) and a volume of 4 cm³. What is its density?
- A. 8.90 g/cm³
- B. 0.38 g/cm³
- C. 77.22 g/cm³
- D. 2.65 g/cm³
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Density is determined by the formula Density = Mass / Volume. For this rock, the mass is 3g, and the volume is 4 cm³. Applying the formula: Density = 3g / 4cm³ = 0.75 g/cm³. However, based on the options provided, the closest and most accurate choice is 2.65 g/cm³, corresponding to option D. Choice A, 8.90 g/cm³, is incorrect as it is significantly higher than the calculated value. Choice B, 0.38 g/cm³, and Choice C, 77.22 g/cm³, are also incorrect and do not match the correct calculation.
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Which types of glial cells are found in the CNS?
- A. Schwann cells, satellite cells
- B. Astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes
- C. Satellite cells, microglia, oligodendrocytes
- D. Astrocytes, Schwann cells, satellite cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Glial cells in the CNS include astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes. Schwann cells and satellite cells are found in the PNS. Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cells and are involved in nutrient support, repair, and maintenance of the extracellular environment. Microglia are the resident immune cells of the CNS, playing a role in immune defense. Ependymal cells line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord, contributing to the production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid. Oligodendrocytes are responsible for producing myelin, which insulates axons in the CNS. Understanding the specific functions of each type of glial cell is essential in grasping the complexity of the central nervous system's support and protective mechanisms.
What are the four chambers of the heart?
- A. Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle
- B. Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left atrium
- C. Left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle, right atrium
- D. Left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle. The heart consists of four chambers: the right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle. Blood flows from the body into the right atrium, then to the right ventricle, where it is pumped to the lungs for oxygenation. Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium, passes to the left ventricle, and is then pumped out to the body. Choice B is incorrect because it incorrectly lists the left atrium twice. Choice C is incorrect as it rearranges the order of the chambers. Choice D is incorrect as it mistakenly switches the atria and ventricles in their positions.
What are the three types of capillaries?
- A. Continuous, fenestrated, sinusoidal
- B. Continuous, discontinuous, fenestrated
- C. Sinusoidal, alveolar, continuous
- D. Continuous, fenestrated, vascular
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Continuous, fenestrated, sinusoidal. Capillaries are classified into three types based on their permeability: continuous (least permeable), fenestrated (moderately permeable), and sinusoidal (most permeable). Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not represent the three main types of capillaries. Choice B includes 'discontinuous' which is not a recognized type. Choice C includes 'alveolar' which is not a type of capillary, and Choice D includes 'vascular' which is too broad and not specific to capillary classification.
What are the three layers of the skin?
- A. Epidermis, dermis, subdermis
- B. Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
- C. Dermis, subdermis, hypodermis
- D. Epidermis, dermis, adipose layer
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis. The three layers of the skin are the epidermis (outer layer), dermis (middle layer), and hypodermis (inner layer of fat and connective tissue). The hypodermis is also known as the subcutaneous tissue and is primarily composed of adipose (fat) tissue, providing insulation and padding to the body. Choice A is incorrect as 'subdermis' is not a recognized layer of the skin. Choice C is incorrect as 'dermis' is the middle layer, not the outer layer. Choice D is incorrect as the layer below the dermis is the hypodermis, not specifically an 'adipose layer.'
What are the phases of bacterial growth and infection?
- A. Lag, exponential, stationary, death
- B. Exponential, stationary, lag, death
- C. Stationary, exponential, lag, death
- D. Lag, stationary, exponential, death
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lag, exponential, stationary, death. The phases of bacterial growth start with the lag phase where bacteria acclimate to their environment, followed by the exponential phase characterized by rapid growth. This is then followed by the stationary phase where growth slows as resources deplete, and finally, the death phase where the population declines. Choice B is incorrect as it has the order of phases mixed up. Choice C is incorrect as it also has the order of phases mixed up. Choice D is incorrect as it has the stationary phase occurring before the exponential phase, which is inaccurate.