Nokea
Which type of reaction builds larger and more complex molecules from smaller ones, requiring energy?
- A. Catabolic reaction
- B. Anabolic reaction
- C. Exothermic reaction
- D. Hydrolytic reaction
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Anabolic reaction.' Anabolic reactions involve the synthesis of larger and more complex molecules from smaller ones, requiring an input of energy, often in the form of ATP. These reactions are essential for processes like growth, repair, and the building of cellular structures. Catabolic reactions, on the other hand, break down larger molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy. Exothermic reactions release heat, while hydrolytic reactions involve the breakdown of molecules with the addition of water. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not describe the process of building larger and more complex molecules from smaller ones with the requirement of energy.
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Which statement is true about the pH of a solution?
- A. A solution cannot have a pH less than 0.
- B. A solution always has a pH of 7.
- C. A solution's pH is not influenced by its chemical composition.
- D. A solution with a pH of 14 is considered acidic.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 0 being the most acidic, 7 neutral, and 14 the most basic. A solution with a pH less than 0 would be outside the defined pH range, as 0 is the lower limit. Therefore, a solution cannot have a pH less than 0. Choice B is incorrect because a pH of 7 is considered neutral, not always the pH of a solution. Choice C is incorrect because a solution's pH is influenced by its chemical composition. Choice D is incorrect as a solution with a pH of 14 is considered highly basic, not acidic.
Which plane divides the body into left and right halves?
- A. Sagittal/Median Plane
- B. Frontal/Coronal Plane
- C. Transverse/Cross-Section Plane
- D. Horizontal Plane
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Sagittal/Median Plane. This plane divides the body into left and right halves. The Frontal/Coronal Plane (choice B) divides the body into front and back, while the Transverse/Cross-Section Plane (choice C) divides it into top and bottom. The Horizontal Plane (choice D) divides the body into upper and lower portions. Understanding these planes is essential in anatomy as they help describe the orientation and relationships of body structures.
What are the structural and functional units responsible for creating and transporting urine, located in the cortex of the kidney?
- A. Glomerulus
- B. Nephrons
- C. Loops of Henle
- D. Distal tubules
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Nephrons.' Nephrons are the structural and functional units of the kidneys responsible for creating and transporting urine. Each kidney contains thousands of nephrons located in the cortex and medulla. The nephron consists of the renal corpuscle, which includes the glomerulus, and the renal tubule, which consists of the proximal tubule, loops of Henle, and distal tubule. While the glomerulus, loops of Henle, and distal tubules are all parts of the nephron, the nephrons as a whole are specifically responsible for creating and transporting urine.
What occurs in each of the three phases of the uterine cycle?
- A. Proliferative: uterine lining thickens
- B. Secretory: ovulation occurs
- C. Menstrual: uterine lining sheds
- D. Proliferative: uterine lining thickens
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. In the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle, the uterine lining thickens in preparation for a possible pregnancy. Ovulation occurs around day 14 of the cycle. The menstrual phase is when the uterine lining sheds if pregnancy has not occurred. Choice A is a duplicate of the correct answer. Choice B is incorrect as ovulation occurs during the mid-cycle, which is the ovulatory phase, not the secretory phase. Choice C is incorrect because the uterine lining sheds during the menstrual phase, not the secretory phase.
Which molecules are soluble in nonpolar solvents but are hydrophobic?
- A. Carbohydrates
- B. Lipids
- C. Proteins
- D. Nucleic acids
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lipids are hydrophobic molecules that are soluble in nonpolar solvents like oils but insoluble in water. They consist of fats, oils, waxes, and steroids and play essential roles in energy storage, insulation, and cell membrane structure. Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids are not typically soluble in nonpolar solvents and do not exhibit the same hydrophobic characteristics as lipids. Carbohydrates are usually hydrophilic and soluble in water, proteins have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions but are not generally soluble in nonpolar solvents, and nucleic acids are polar molecules that are not known for their solubility in nonpolar solvents.