Nokea
A school nurse assesses a child who has an erythematous circular patch of vesicles on her scalp with alopecia and report spain and pruritus. For which reason will the nurse use a Woods lamp?
- A. To dry out the lesions.
- B. To reduce the pruritus.
- C. To kill the fungus.
- D. To cause fluorescence of the infected hairs.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tinea capitis is commonly known as ringworm of the scalp. Microsporum audouinii is the major fungal pathogen. The use of the diagnostic Woods lamp causes the infected hairs to turn a brilliant blue green. The Woods lamp does not dry out lesions, reduce pruritus or kill fungus.
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The three major glands of the skin are sudoriferous, ceruminous, and
- A. sebaceous
Correct Answer: sebaceous
Rationale: Sudoriferous glands-sweat glands open into pores on the skin surface and excrete sweat. Ceruminous glands-secrete a waxlike substance called cerumen and are located in the external ear canal. Sebaceous glands-secrete their substance, sebum (an oily secretion), through the hair follicles distributed on the body.
The home health nurse assessing skin lesions uses the PQRST mnemonic as a guide. What does the S in this guide indicate?
- A. Severity of the symptoms
- B. Site of the lesions
- C. Symptomatology of the lesions
- D. Surface area of the lesions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The mnemonic PQRST stands for Provocative factors (causes), Quantity, Region of the body, Severity of the symptoms, Time (length of time the disorder has been present). In this mnemonic, S does not stand for site, symptomology or surface area of the lesion.
During primary survey of a patient who sustained a burn injury, the nurse checks for which as an early signs of carbon monoxide poisoning?
- A. Dizziness
- B. Urticaria
- C. Vomiting
- D. Headache
- E. Vertigo
- F. Unsteady gait
Correct Answer: C,D,F
Rationale: Early signs of carbon monoxide poisoning include headache, nausea, vomiting, and unsteady gait. Urticaria is a skin reaction seen in allergic responses. Dizziness and vertigo are not signs of carbon monoxide poisoning.
A patient, age 37, sustained partial- and full-thickness burns to 26% of the body surface area. When would the greatest fluid loss resulting from the burns occur?
- A. Within 12 hours after burn trauma
- B. 24 to 36 hours after burn trauma
- C. 36 to 48 hours after burn trauma
- D. 48 to 72 hours after burn trauma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In a burn injury, usually the greatest fluid loss occurs within the first 12 hours.
The nurse will provide which instruction regarding reducing the risk factors for melanoma?
- A. Avoid exposure to the sun and use protective measures when exposure occurs.
- B. Have all nevi removed.
- C. Watch for changes in moles, especially on the back.
- D. Use a sun lamp for tanning.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Encourage the patient to protect skin from the sun by wearing protective clothing, including a hat with 4-in brim, applying sunscreen all over the body, and avoiding the midday sun from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Having all nevi removed is impractical. Watching for changes in moles does not reduce risk factors; it allows for early detection. Sun lamps are just as damaging as the sun.