Nokea
A school nurse is conducting vision and hearing testing on fifth-grade children. Which level of prevention is the nurse demonstrating?
- A. Primary
- B. Secondary
- C. Tertiary
- D. Health promotion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The school nurse conducting vision and hearing testing on fifth-grade children is demonstrating the secondary level of prevention. Secondary prevention involves identifying and treating health conditions early to prevent their progression. In this scenario, the nurse's aim is to detect any existing vision or hearing problems in the children at an early stage so that appropriate interventions can be initiated to prevent further impairment or complications. This aligns with the goals of secondary prevention, which focuses on early detection, prompt intervention, and minimizing the impact of a health condition.
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The following. items are transported in blood plasma, EXCEPT:
- A. Oxygen
- B. Carbon dioxide
- C. Nutrients
- D. Hormones
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Oxygen is not transported in blood plasma. Instead, it is transported bound to hemoglobin within red blood cells. Carbon dioxide, nutrients, and hormones are examples of substances that are transported in blood plasma. Oxygen binds to hemoglobin in the red blood cells as they pass through the lungs, while carbon dioxide is carried back to the lungs and expelled from the body through the respiratory system. Nutrients like glucose and amino acids are carried in the blood plasma to be delivered to various tissues for energy production and cellular processes. Hormones are chemical messengers that are released into the bloodstream by endocrine glands to regulate numerous physiological functions throughout the body.
The parents of a 4-month-old infant tell the nurse that they are getting a microwave oven and will be able to heat the baby's formula faster. What should the nurse recommend?
- A. Never heat a bottle in a microwave oven.
- B. Heat only 10 ounces or more.
- C. Always leave bottle top uncovered to allow heat to escape.
- D. Shake bottle vigorously for at least 30 seconds after heating.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should recommend never heating a bottle in a microwave oven. Microwaves do not heat liquids evenly, and there is a risk of creating hot spots in the formula, which can burn the baby's mouth and throat. It is safer to heat the formula by placing the bottle in warm water or using a bottle warmer to ensure uniform heating throughout.
Which is true of a Wilms tumor? (Select all that apply.)
- A. It is also referred to as neuroblastoma.
- B. It is most commonly seen between the ages of 2 and 5 years.
- C. It can occur on its own or be associated with congenital anomalies.
- D. It is a slow-growing tumor.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Wilms tumor typically occurs in children aged 2-5 years and may be associated with congenital anomalies. It is not the same as neuroblastoma, and its prognosis is generally good with treatment.
An 8-day-old is admitted with vomiting and dehydration. His HR is 170, RR is 44, BP is 85/52, and T is 99°F. The parents ask if these vital signs are normal. Which is the best response?
- A. The BP is elevated.
- B. The temperature is elevated.
- C. The heart rate is elevated; normal for a neonate is 90-160 bpm.
- D. The respiratory rate is elevated.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A neonatal heart rate of 170 is above the normal range (90-160 bpm), which is concerning for dehydration.
Which of the ff. would the nurse explain to a patient is the main purpose of a hearing aid?
- A. Amplify background noise
- B. Amplify musical sounds
- C. Occlude the ear
- D. Improve ability to hear
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The main purpose of a hearing aid is to improve the patient's ability to hear. Hearing aids are devices designed to amplify sound for individuals with hearing loss or difficulty hearing. They do not amplify background noise or musical sounds specifically; instead, they are meant to enhance the overall perception of sounds to help individuals better understand speech and communicate effectively. Moreover, hearing aids do not occlude the ear, but rather are used to transmit sound into the ear canal to make sounds louder and clearer for the wearer.