FNP Pediatric Practice Questions

FNP Pediatric Practice Questions Related

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A seizure characterized by loss of consciousness and tonic spasms of the trunk and extremities rapidly followed by repetitive generalized clonic jerking is classified as:

  • A. Focal seizure
  • B. Jacksonian seizure
  • C. Generalized seizure
  • D. Partial seizure
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The description provided aligns with the characteristics of a generalized seizure. Generalized seizures involve abnormal electrical activity in the entire brain, leading to loss of consciousness and widespread motor symptoms, such as tonic (stiffening) and clonic (jerking) movements affecting both sides of the body. Examples of generalized seizures include tonic-clonic seizures (formerly known as grand mal seizures) where there is a sequence of tonic stiffness followed by clonic jerking. In contrast, focal (partial) seizures originate in a specific area of the brain and may result in localized symptoms before possibly spreading to involve both sides of the brain. Jacksonian seizures specifically refer to focal seizures with motor symptoms that spread in a stepwise fashion, starting from one part of the body.

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A patient asks the nurse what side effects to expect from a muscle relaxant medication that has been prescribed. Which of the ff. side effects should the nurse relate?

  • A. Hypoglycaemia
  • B. Drowsiness
  • C. Hypotension
  • D. Dyspnea
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Muscle relaxant medications, such as benzodiazepines or cyclobenzaprine, commonly cause drowsiness as a side effect. This is a result of the medications affecting the central nervous system, leading to sedative effects. Patients taking muscle relaxants should be advised to avoid activities that require alertness, such as driving or operating machinery, until they understand how the medication affects them. It is important for the nurse to inform the patient about this potential side effect to ensure their safety and to prevent any accidents or injuries due to drowsiness. On the other hand, hypoglycemia, hypotension, and dyspnea are not common side effects of muscle relaxant medications.

The parent of a child with glomerulonephritis asks how they will know the child is improving. Which is the best response?

  • A. Your child's urine output will increase and the urine will become less tea-colored.
  • B. Your child will rest more comfortably as lab values normalize.
  • C. Your child's appetite will decrease.
  • D. Your child's lab values will become more normal.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: An increase in urine output and a return to normal urine color are clear, observable signs of improvement in glomerulonephritis.

Which is most suggestive that a nurse has a nontherapeutic relationship with a patient and family?

  • A. Staff is concerned about the nurse's actions with the patient and family.
  • B. Staff assignments allow the nurse to care for same patient and family over an extended time.
  • C. Nurse is able to withdraw emotionally when emotional overload occurs but still remains committed.
  • D. Nurse uses teaching skills to instruct patient and family rather than doing everything for them.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Option A is the most suggestive that a nurse has a nontherapeutic relationship with a patient and family because when the staff is concerned about the nurse's actions with the patient and family, it indicates that there may be issues or red flags in the nurse's interactions. This could imply that the nurse's behavior is not promoting a positive, therapeutic relationship with the patient and family, which is crucial for effective care delivery. Staff concerns may arise due to behaviors that are inappropriate, unprofessional, or lacking empathy, which can hinder the development of a therapeutic relationship and affect the quality of care provided.

The nurse is providing dietary instructions to a client with hypoglycemia. To control hypoglycemic episodes, the nurse should recommend:

  • A. increasing saturated fat intake and fasting in the afternoon.
  • B. increasing intake of vitamins B and D and taking iron supplements.
  • C. eating a candy bar if light-headedness occurs.
  • D. consuming a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet and avoiding fasting.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Consuming a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet and avoiding fasting is the best recommendation to control hypoglycemic episodes in clients. When someone has hypoglycemia, their blood sugar levels drop too low. A diet that is low in carbohydrates and high in protein can help regulate blood sugar levels and prevent sudden drops that lead to hypoglycemic episodes. Additionally, avoiding fasting helps maintain a consistent intake of nutrients throughout the day, which is important for managing blood sugar levels. It is essential to eat regular, balanced meals and snacks to keep blood sugar levels stable and prevent hypoglycemia.

Which of the following nursing interventions is appropriate after a lumbar puncture?

  • A. Have the patient lie flat for 6 to 8 hours
  • B. Keep the patient from eating or drinking for 4 hours
  • C. Monitor the patient's pedal pulses q4h
  • D. Keep the head of the bed elevated 30 degrees for 24 hours
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: After a lumbar puncture, it is important to have the patient lie flat for 6 to 8 hours to help prevent leakage of cerebrospinal fluid. Keeping the patient in this position can reduce the risk of developing a post-lumbar puncture headache. It allows the tiny hole created in the dura to seal properly and helps maintain proper cerebrospinal fluid pressure. This intervention is essential for the patient's safety and optimal recovery following a lumbar puncture procedure.

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