Nokea
A sexually active female adolescent asks the nurse about the contraceptive Depo-Provera. What should the nurse explain regarding the contraceptive?
- A. Requires injections every 3 months
- B. Requires daily administration of medication by mouth
- C. Provides long-term continuous protection, up to 5 years
- D. Prevents pregnancy if given within 72 hours of unprotected sex
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Depo-Provera is a contraceptive method that consists of receiving an injection every 3 months to prevent pregnancy. It contains a progestin hormone called medroxyprogesterone acetate, which works by suppressing ovulation, thickening cervical mucus, and thinning the uterine lining. This method of contraception is highly effective when used correctly and is convenient for individuals who prefer not to take a daily pill.
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During starvation, the body slows metabolic processes and growth to minimize the need for nutrients. With the rapid reinstitution of feeding after starvation refeeding syndrome may occur. Of the following, the major changes that may occur with refeeding syndrome typically affect
- A. electrolytes
- B. serum proteins
- C. hormones
- D. liver enzymes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Refeeding syndrome primarily affects electrolytes, particularly phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium, which can become dangerously depleted due to rapid shifts in metabolism.
What are the signs of organ rejection a nurse should closely monitor for when caring for a client after heart transplantation? Choose all that apply
- A. Low white blood cell count
- B. Dyspnea
- C. ECG changes
- D. Fever
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When caring for a client after heart transplantation, the signs of organ rejection that a nurse should closely monitor for include low white blood cell count and dyspnea.
A nurse is teaching nursing students the physiology of congenital heart defects. Which defect results in decreased pulmonary blood flow?
- A. Atrial septal defect
- B. Tetralogy of Fallot
- C. Ventricular septal defect
- D. Patent ductus arteriosus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect characterized by four abnormalities - pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy. The pulmonary stenosis in Tetralogy of Fallot results in decreased pulmonary blood flow, leading to cyanosis. The other choices (Atrial septal defect, Ventricular septal defect, Patent ductus arteriosus) do not result in decreased pulmonary blood flow.
The serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level is elevated with some malignant germ cell tumors (GCTs) especially endodermal sinus tumors; it can be used as a measure of treatment response and during follow-up after completion of chemotherapy. However, it is normally elevated during infancy. At which age does AFP physiologically fall to normal adult level?
- A. three month
- B. eight month
- C. one year
- D. three year
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: AFP levels typically normalize by around one year of age.
Regarding physical growth of preschool children (3-5 years), all are true EXCEPT
- A. 7-8 kg weight increment/yr
- B. 20 primary teeth erupted by 3 years
- C. brain stops myelinization by 8 years
- D. height increment/yr average is 5-6 cm up to 18 years
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Weight increment varies and is generally less than 7-8 kg/yr.