Nokea
A small molecule that combines with a specific allosteric protein so that both prevent RNA polymerase activity is called a(n):
- A. inducer
- B. repressor
- C. corepressor
- D. leader
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: corepressor. A corepressor is a small molecule that binds to an allosteric protein to inhibit its activity. In this case, the corepressor prevents RNA polymerase activity. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Inducer activates gene expression.
B: Repressor inhibits gene expression by binding to DNA.
D: Leader is not a term related to allosteric regulation.
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Cancer cells go through stages of development. What accurately describes the stage of promotion (select all that apply)?
- A. Obesity is an example of a promoting factor
- B. The stage is characterized by increased growth rate and metastasis
- C. Withdrawal of promoting factors will reduce the risk of cancer development
- D. Tobacco smoke is a complete carcinogen that is capable of both initiation and promotion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Promotion involves enhancing the growth of initiated cells. Obesity and tobacco smoke are examples of promoting factors, and withdrawal of such factors can reduce cancer risk.
What percent of clients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) will experience hypotension during a tilt table test,which can eventually be diagnostic for these clients?
- A. 60%
- B. 96%
- C. 80%
- D. 20%
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Approximately 96% of clients with CFS experience hypotension during a tilt table test which helps in diagnosing the condition.
A protein-protein interaction domain present both in TLR-4 and MyD88 is:
- A. CARD
- B. TIR
- C. Leucine rich repeat (LRR)
- D. Immunoglobulin-like domain
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: TIR. This is because both TLR-4 and MyD88 contain a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain, which mediates protein-protein interactions in the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. The other options, such as A (CARD), C (LRR), and D (Immunoglobulin-like domain), are not present in both TLR-4 and MyD88 and do not play a significant role in their interaction in the signaling pathway. This makes B the most appropriate choice as it accurately identifies the common protein-protein interaction domain between TLR-4 and MyD88.
Determine the following diseases that are not thought to be an autoimmune disease.
- A. Rheumatoid arthritis
- B. Multiple sclerosis
- C. Cancer of the bone marrow
- D. Insulin-dependent diabetes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Cancer of the bone marrow. Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells. Rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and insulin-dependent diabetes are autoimmune diseases where the immune system targets specific tissues or organs. Cancer of the bone marrow, on the other hand, is a result of uncontrolled cell growth and division, not a malfunction of the immune system attacking the body's own tissues. Therefore, it is not considered an autoimmune disease.
A patient is scheduled to have a tunneled catheter placed for administration of chemotherapy for breast cancer. When preparing the patient for the catheter insertion, what does the nurse explain about this method of chemotherapy administration?
- A. Decreases the risk for extravasation at the infusion site
- B. Reduces the incidence of systemic side effects of the drug
- C. Does not become occluded as peripherally inserted catheters can
- D. Allows continuous infusion of the drug directly to the area of the tumor
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tunneled catheters reduce extravasation risks compared to peripheral lines by delivering medications centrally.